Library Search Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Library Search - Assignment Example The authors carried out a study through administration of questionnaires to measure the extent of leader-worker exchange and collaboration of nurse-physician analysis. The analysis took place at group level while turnover intention and effective commitment analyzed at individual level. The study took place in five Italian hospitals. The outcome of the study showed that when effective commitment occurs at individual level, then there is a complete mediation of relationship. The relationship exists between leader-member commutation at nursing turnover intention and group level. In addition, the article also revealed that there is great significance in cross-level interaction. Nurses who had high levels of individual effective commitment at individual level revealed reduced level of turnover intention. Increased collaboration at group level makes the relationship stronger between nurse and physician. The article outlines need for organizations to apply management practices leading to promotion of both nurse-physician relationships and high quality nurse supervisor. Furthermore, to retain workforce, the article maintains that organizations should promote individual commitment as well as quality relationship between that exists among staff members. The information I have learnt from this article will be of great significance for me as a nurse in my future practice. For instance, I will constantly use effective interaction with my colleagues at the workplace environment for quality working relationships. A hospital unit is an environment where nurses work and interact on daily basis. I, being a nurse who will work in the nursing industry, must therefore apply interactive characteristics and attributes with supervisors and physicians. I will also try to minimize rate of turnover to promote team cohesion as well as

Small Basic and Programming Essay Example for Free

Small Basic and Programming Essay Computer Programming is defined as the process of creating computer software using programming languages. Just like we speak and understand English or Spanish or French, computers can understand programs written in certain languages. These are called programming languages. In the beginning there were just a few programming languages and they were really easy to learn and comprehend. But as computers and software became more and more sophisticated, programming languages evolved fast, gathering more complex concepts along the way. As a result most modern programming languages and their concepts are pretty challenging to grasp by a beginner. This fact has started discouraging people from learning or attempting computer programming. Small Basic is a programming language that is designed to make programming extremely easy, approachable and fun for beginners. Small Basic’s intention is to bring down the barrier and serve as a stepping stone to the amazing world of computer programming. The Small Basic Environment Let us start with a quick introduction to the Small Basic Environment. When you first launch SmallBasic, you will see a window that looks like the following figure. Figure 1 The Small Basic Environment This is the Small Basic Environment, where we’ll write and run our Small Basic programs. This environment has several distinct elements which are identified by numbers. The Editor, identified by [1] is where we will write our Small Basic programs. When you open a sample program or a previously saved program, it will show up on this editor. You can then modify it and save if for later use. You can also open and work with more than one program at one time. Each program you are working with will be displayed in a separate editor. The editor that contains the program you are currently working with is called the active editor. The Toolbar, identified by [2] is used to issue commands either to the active editor or the environment. We’ll learn about the various commands in the toolbar as we go. The Surface, identified by [3] is the place where all the editor windows go. Our First Program Now that you are familiar with the Small Basic Environment, we will go ahead and start programming in it. Like we just noted above, the editor is the place where we write our programs. So let’s go ahead and type the following line in the editor. TextWindow.WriteLine(Hello World) This is our first Small Basic program. And if you have typed it correctly, you should see something similar to the figure below. Figure 2 First Program Now that we have typed our new program, let’s go ahead and run it to see what happens. We can run our program either by clicking on the Run button on the toolbar or by using the shortcut key, F5 on the keyboard. If everything goes well, our program should run with the result as shown below. Figure 3 First Program Output Congratulations! You have just written and run the first Small Basic program. A very small and simple program, but nevertheless a big step towards becoming a real computer programmer! Now, there’s just one more detail to cover before we go on to create bigger programs. We have to understand what just happened – what exactly did we tell the computer and how did the computer know what to do? In the next chapter, we’ll analyze the program we just wrote, so we can gain that understanding. As you typed your first program, you might have noticed that a popup appeared with a list of items (Figure 4). This is called â€Å"intellisense† and it helps you type your program faster. You can traverse that list by pressing the Up/Down arrow keys, and when you find something you want, you can hit the Enter key to insert the selected item in your program. Figure 4 Intellisense Saving our program If you want to close Small Basic and come back later to work on the program you just typed, you can save the program. It is in fact a good practice to save programs from time to time, so that you don’t lose information in the event of an accidental shutdown or a power failure. You can save the current program by either clicking on the â€Å"save† icon on the toolbar or by using the shortcut â€Å"Ctrl+S† (press the S key while holding down the Ctrl key). Chapter 2 Understanding Our First Program What really is a computer program? A program is a set of instructions for the computer. These instructions tell the computer precisely what to do, and the computer always follows these instructions. Just like people, computers can only follow instructions if specified in a language they can understand. These are called programming languages. There are very many languages that the computer can understand and Small Basic is one. Imagine a conversation happening between you and your friend. You and your friends would use words, organized as sentences to convey information back and forth. Similarly, programming languages contain collections of words that can be organized into sentences that convey information to the computer. And programs are basically sets of sentences (sometimes just a few and sometimes many thousands) that together make sense to both the There are many languages that the computer programmer and the computer alike. can understand. Java, C++, Python, VB, etc. are all powerful modern computer languages that Small Basic Programs are used to develop simple to complex software A typical Small Basic program consists of a bunch programs. of statements. Every line of the program represents a statement and every statement is an instruction for the computer. When we ask the computer to execute a Small Basic program, it takes the program and reads the first statement. It understands what we’re trying to say and then executes our instruction. Once it’s done executing our first statement, it comes back to the program and reads and executes the second line. It continues to do so until it reaches the end of the program. That is when our program finishes. Back to Our First Program Here is the first program we wrote: TextWindow.WriteLine(Hello World) This is a very simple program that consists of one statement. That statement tells the computer to write a line of text which is Hello World, into the Text Window. It literally translates in the computer’s mind to: Write Hello World You might have already noticed that the statement can in turn be split into smaller segments much like sentences can be split into words. In the first statement we have 3 distinct segments: a) TextWindow b) WriteLine c) â€Å"Hello World† The dot, parentheses and the quotes are all punctuations that have to be placed at appropriate positions in the statement, for the computer to understand our intent. You might remember the black window that appeared when we ran our first program. That black window is called the TextWindow or sometimes referred to as the Console. That is where the result of this program goes. TextWindow, in our program, is called an object. There are a number of such objects available for us to use in our programs. We can perform several different operations on these objects. We’ve already used theWriteLine operation in our program. You might also have noticed that the WriteLine operation is followed by Hello World inside quotes. This text is passed as input Punctuations such as quotes, spaces and to the WriteLine operation, which it then prints parenthesis are very important in a computer out to the user. This is called an input to the program. Based on their position and count, operation. Some operations take one or more they can change the meaning of what is being inputs while others don’t take any expressed. Our Second Program Now that you have understood our first program, let’s go ahead and make it fancier by adding some colors. TextWindow.ForegroundColor = Yellow TextWindow.WriteLine(Hello World) Figure 5 Adding Colors When you run the above program, you’ll notice that it prints out the same â€Å"Hello World† phrase inside TextWindow, but this time it prints it out in yellow instead of the gray that it did earlier. Figure 6 Hello World in Yellow Notice the new statement we added to our original program. It uses a new word, ForegroundColor which we equated to a value of â€Å"Yellow.† This means we’ve assigned â€Å"Yellow† to ForegroundColor. Now, the difference between ForegroundColor and the operation WriteLine is that ForegroundColor did not take any inputs nor did it need any parenthesis. Instead it was followed by an equals to symbol and a word. We define ForegroundColor as a Property of TextWindow. Here is a list of values that are valid for the ForegroundColor property. Try replacing â€Å"Yellow† with one of these and see the results – don’t forget the quotes, they are required punctuations.

The Health Benefits of Exercise :: Physical Exercise Fitness Health

You know that famous saying, "You are what you eat"? Have you as the young generation of today forgotten this important rule? It is a proven fact that we are seeing more and more overweight people at younger ages. Eating too much fat not only increases the risk for developing heart disease, diabetes, or cancer, it is also the major contributor to those extra pounds of fat you may have added to your figure. Engaging in an exercise program can have dramatic effects on your weight and overall well-being. Everyone knows the many benefits exercise has for the body, both mentally and physically. And research has revealed what a great impact exercising at an early age can have as you grow older. Just as an example, exercise makes your bones denser, preparing you for a fuller, more active life when you’re older. Think of it as an investment. Invest wisely in your health when young. It is never too late to start. It is always hard to save money and refrain from spending the extra dollars, yet the outcome is very rewarding. You have to go the extra mile, do what others aren’t strong enough to do. Even if you eat well, as this is a very important part of a healthy lifestyle, is not good enough, you must exercise, exercise, exercise. And don’t look to pills and potions for a quick fix. No scientific data, to date, supports any of the intriguing claims of boosting performance or melting away fat. You aren’t going to obtain the look of an athlete without pouring out the sweat of an athlete. No one ever says its easy, because if it wasn’t hard then everyone would do it. You can think of the process of maintaining a healthy body to the making of wine. You first must put time and effort into growing a luscious arbor of grapes, pruning them just right. The benefits of this hard work is only seen after many years when you can finally enjoy a glass of the finest wine your sweet lips have ever tasted.

Being Thankful for What We Have / “Gratitude”

Being thankful for what we have / â€Å"Gratitude† There are a lot of things in my life that I am thankful for, but most important thing is that I have a great family and loving parents. There are many things that I don’t normally realize which I still take for granted like having my own car and attending Christian Brothers High School. I am greatly thankful for my family because they are always going to be here for me no matter what. Also, my family is loving and always willing to do anything to help me if I am in any need. There a ton of kids in this world that is my age those don’t have a loving family or just not well-off.I have been hoping to attend college and hopefully get a degree in engineering and also a personal trainer. There are many kids my age that can’t attend college because their family can’t afford it. I take many material things for granted that give me enjoyment such as my laptop, iPod, iPhone, my trainer, and a gym membership. I am thankful to have a great trainer and a gym membership so I can get big, bulky, lean, cut, in shape, and to get ready for my competition in May. Also, other thing that I can’t for granted is having my own car to drive to school and take out on the weekend to have some fun or hang out with friends.I am grateful for not having to work and have a job to help support my family. I am grateful for my mom because of all the things and work she does around the house and help out the family as much as she can. She keeps the family rolling/going and always remembers everything when everyone doesn’t have no idea about things. I am grateful for my dad and how much hard work he puts into his farm to give support and good living for the family. I help my mom and dad as much as I can because I will never be able to pay them back for all the things they have done for me.I try to help my family as much as possible to keep it going even when I like it or not. I am grateful to be an bodybuilder and other things I do because I am in good health/shape and be a normal human being without any impairments to my body. I am grateful that my whole family is in the best health as they can be. I am thankful to be able to go on cruises and trips to other countries with my family and be able to enjoy it and have a great time. I am grateful for the great friends that I have fun with, hangout with, and know they will always have my back no matter what it is or what goes down.I am grateful for everything that I have in my life and wish it could always stay the way it is right now. Also, to always love my parents with my whole heart and be there for my friends and family no matter what it is. Hopefully one day that I will have a wife in the future that I will be able to love with all my heart too and be content with everything no matter what it is. I'm thankful for all the beautiful, rich, loving and all the things that I am able to do and have in my life right now. I will alw ays show love, thanks, and appreciation to all the things/gifts that will be giving to me.People just like me need to learn from their mistakes and just grow from them like all the sad, disappointed, and painful things that have had happen to them. When people think that everything that they have or has happen to them or other things is a gift from God which is being thankful and gratitude is. My life and others is like a gift from God because he was the one that brought us to this world. It is great and thankful thing to know God, who/what he has done for us and this world. People shouldn’t worry about anything because God will do the things for us which he thinks is right and will take care of us.God will give/provide the things that everyone should have in life and what is right to have. People know what is right and wrong, so they have no excuse. I said this before but I will say it again I am very thankful for the school I go to, my family, all of my teachers, and my fri ends. God is the main reason why we should thank him because if it wasn’t for him then we won’t be here today and have all the things that we are thankful for like our loving family. Everyone should live every day, one day a time and for the God and Jesus Christ.

Goan Literature and Translation! Essay

Goa has been reflected in many ways. It is sometimes reflected through people, through its culture and sometimes through literature. Goan reflection is nothing but the projection of Goa as a land, Goa’s socio-economic life and contemporary Goan expressions. According to Prof. Peter Nazareth â€Å"Goans have written in thirteen languages. Goans meditate between cultures, Goans live between different cultures, Goans are travelers from one part to another†¦. We can understand different cultures and help people from different cultures understand one another. But the disadvantage is that if we don’t work on it, we may end up not knowing who we are. † Today Goa is portrayed as something different than what it is in reality. And not just the media is to be blamed but also the Goans are to be blamed who allowed themselves to be portrayed in a negative manner. Goan literature is one of the important tools which reflect Goa in its true sense. But the problem with Goan literature was that most of the literature was written in local languages like Konkani and Marathi and only a few people could read and understand what Goa actually is and what are the issues related to this land. The solution to tackle this problem is nothing else but translation. 1. 2. Translation: Bridging Gaps The dictionary meaning of the word â€Å"translation† is â€Å"to express in another language or other words†. It’s also the transference and substitution from one to another language. Translation according to Dr. Johnson involves the process of change into another language, retaining the sense which is the basic objective. The main process is to search for the right words. A translation is both imitation as well as a faithful creation as well as free, i.e. why a translated literary work is viewed not as an exact replica of the original but a version of it. Translation is not only a linguistic activity but also a cultural one because it involves a study of culture. The western translators in the past considered translations as subsidiary and derogative and they believed that translation did not have much dignity. But the Indians believed that translation is a valuable activity. And thus high amount of work has been done in India in the field of translation. Many works from Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi, and Hindi have been translated into English. A few important translations from regional languages to English are Gora By Rabindranath Tagore originally written in Bengali and then translated in English by many translators, â€Å"Samskara† by U. R. Anathamurthy originally written in Kannada and then translated into English by A. K. Ramanujan, â€Å"Tamas† by Bhism Sahani originally written in Hindi but then the author himself translated the work into English. As well as different texts from one language have been translated into other Indian languages. Translation has, in recent years added an immeasurable dimension to our awareness of the layered texture, the resonance and the depth of Indian society. It has enhanced knowledge of our multilingual, multicultural personality. Indeed, only through good translations can there be communication and understanding of continuum of other common heritage. Translation from Konkani does more than that; it creates awareness of the very existence of the language and region. Translation enriches comprehension of a wounded culture, the bond of language that unites a dispersed community, and the values that have sustained it.

Experiment to investigate the Factors affecting the Energy Transfer Involved in the Cooling of Water Essays

Experiment to investigate the Factors affecting the Energy Transfer Involved in the Cooling of Water Essays Experiment to investigate the Factors affecting the Energy Transfer Involved in the Cooling of Water Essay Experiment to investigate the Factors affecting the Energy Transfer Involved in the Cooling of Water Essay Water cools in many different ways due to a variety of different reasons, which depend on the way in which the water is contained. I will be considering how water in a plastic cup cools. If I put hot water in a plastic cup I would expect heat to be lost by radiation from the sides and the top, conduction through the base and evaporation from the top. If however, the sides and base were highly insulated; most heat would be lost by evaporation and radiation from the top. Here are the ways in which heat is lost from cooling water: 1) Radiation Radiation is the movement of heat energy by electros of radiation are the sun radiating heat through space and a central heating radiator radiating heat into a room. 2) Conduction Conduction can take place in solids, liquids and gases. When a material is heated the particles nearest to the heat gain kinetic energy. They then start to vibrate faster due to this energy and as they do they touch other particles and transfer the kinetic energy to them. This process is repeated and the energy is transferred through out the object from hot regions to cooler regions. As the water looses heat from the sides of the cup conduction will cool the mass of the water. Conduction will also occur through the walls of the cup and then radiate and through the base of the cup into the surface on which the cup stands. 3) Convection When a liquid of gas is heated (convection can not take place in solids), the molecules move faster and push each other further apart. The fluid expands and becomes less dense. The less dense fluid then rises upwards taking its thermal energy with it. This rising fluid is then replaced by cooler fluid and a convection current is set up. Thermal energy is transferred by the molecules themselves moving from the hot region to the cooler one. As the water nearest the sides of the plastic cup cools due to radiation, convection with in the water will cool all the water. 4) Evaporation When water is heated the molecules gain kinetic energy and move around very quickly. Some of these molecules manage to gain enough energy to break free from the liquid. This process is called evaporation. As the water evaporates it takes away some of the thermal energy. As the temperature of water increases the molecules gain more and more energy so the rate of evaporation also increases. Evaporation can be reduced by sealing the top of the plastic cup with a very small air space above the water. The water vapour will then condense and drip back into the water. 5) Temperature differential The difference in temperature between room temperature and the temperature of water can alter the rate of which the water cools. If there is a big difference and the water is very hot and the room temperature is fairly low then the rate of cooling will be much larger than if the temperatures were very close together. 6) Insulation Insulation is a material with low conductivity which is used to reduce the amount of heat lost from a hot object such as a hot water tank. By wrapping the plastic cup with insulation the rate of conduction through the wall of the cup will be reduced. Air is a very good insulator and so many insulators have small air pockets with in them which can prevent large convection currents being set up. 7) Energy The thermal energy of water can be calculated by measuring the volume of water and its temperature. The energy change = the specific heat capacity à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ mass à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ temperature change The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 Joules per Kg per à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½K For example to heat up 1kg of water by 10 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C would require: 4200 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 10 = 42000 Joules. The energy loss can then be calculated by measuring the reduction in temperature provided the volume of water remains unchanged. Plan I have chosen to investigate the effect of insulation on the rate of energy loss from the water because it is more easily measured than the other factors. By increasing the thickness of insulation surrounding the water, I can measure the rate at which heat is lost from the water for different thicknesses and determine the relationship between the rate of heat loss and the thickness of insulation. To do this I will need to reduce the loss of heat by evaporation by sealing the top of the container. In this experiment heat will be conducted through the insulation and then radiate into the air. The amount of radiation will change because the surface temperature of the insulation will reduce as the insulation becomes thicker and the external surface area of the insulation increases due to the extra thickness around a circular cup. Experiment to investigate the effect of insulation on the rate of heat loss from a plastic cup of water Aim: To investigate the change in the rate of heat loss from a plastic cup by varying the thickness of insulation surrounding the cup and to see if there is a relationship between the rate of heat loss and the thickness of insulation. Apparatus Item Purpose Plastic cup To contain the water Thermometer To measure the temperature of the water Digital Timer To allow measurement of the temperature at regular intervals Kettle To heat the water Measuring cylinder To measure the quantity of water Expanded polystyrene sheet insulation used for lining walls under wallpaper. 2mm thick To wrap around the cup in layers to insulate it Cling film To seal the top of the cup from evaporation Sellotape To hold the insulation around the cup Clamp stand and cotton To suspend the thermometer in the water so that it does not touch the sides or bottom Foam mat 20mm thick To stand the cup on so that heat is not lost through the base Water Ruler To measure thickness of 10 layers of insulation to determine the average thickness. Preliminary experiment In order to determine the probable range of results it was necessary to carry out a preliminary experiment by filling the plastic cup with water and measuring how long it took to cool. The following information was found. 1. The quantity of water to fill the cup to leave only a small air space at the top. 2. The starting temperature of the water in the cup was found to be about 85à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C so it was decided to start reading the temperatures once the temperature had fallen to 80à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C 3. It as found that it took about 25 minutes for the temperature to fall to 60à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C with no insulation. With thick insulation it would take much longer so it was decided to monitor the temperature for 30 minutes to give a good range of results. 4. It was found that it would be sufficient to take readings at one minute intervals. Otherwise at high levels of insulation the variation in temperature would be very small. 5. It was found that it was possible to measure read the temperature on the thermometer to an accuracy of about 0.25 C. 6. The preliminary experiment confirmed that the set up of the apparatus was correct with the thermometer at the right level and easy to read and that using a digital clock it was possible to time the readings accurately. Prediction I would expect that the rate at which the water cools to reduce as the insulation becomes thicker. While insulation is supposed to stop heat loss it will still act as a conductor of heat. The amount of energy transferred through a conductor is proportional to the thermal gradient. By doubling the thickness of insulation the thermal gradient is halved. So I would expect the energy lost though the insulation to reduce to half. Insulation has a strength to prevent heat loss which is measured as its U value. The U value is measured as Watts per mà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ per à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C and is for a given thickness of insulation. Double the thickness and the U value will halve. Rate of heat loss = U value à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ surface area à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ temperature difference. So if the insulation doubles in thickness, the U value will halve and the rate heat loss will halve. Diagram Method Room temperature was taken using the thermometer which had been allowed to adjust to the room temperature and this was recorded. The apparatus was arranged so that a plastic cup stood on a layer of foam insulation with a thermometer suspended from a clamp stand so that the bulb of the thermometer would be hung in the middle of the water in the cup. For the first test no insulation was wrapped around the cup. For the later tests, layers of insulation were tightly wrapped around the cup using sellotape so that once the air was trapped between them none could escape. This was also done to the base of the cup. The kettle was boiled and 150mlà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of hot water was measured out using the measuring cylinder. This was then poured into the plastic cup. A piece of cling film was then stretched over the top of the cup to form a seal so that no evaporated water could escape. Square pieces of insulation (bigger than the cup) were placed on top of the cup. The number of squares depended on the number of layers of insulation being tested. A hole was pierced through the centre of the lid. A thermometer was then suspended using cotton and the clamp stand and then pushed through the hole so that the end hung in the centre of the cup. The lid was then taped down securely. When the temperature had fallen to 80 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C, the stop clock was started and the temperature of the water was taken every minute for 30 minutes. The results were recorded. After the first test, the cup was emptied and two layers of insulation were fixed around the cup as described above. The test was then repeated for the two layers of insulation. Further tests were then carried out for 4, 6, 8 and 10 layers of insulation. All results were recorded. Room temperature was taken again at the end of the experiment to see if it had varied. The average thickness of the insulation was measured by measuring 10 layers and dividing the result. Fair test * The thermometer was suspended so that it did not touch the sides of the cup so that the reading was the temperature of the centre of the water. * Taking room temperature before and after the experiment to see if there had been any change which would affect the results of the experiment. * The same volume of water was used in each test. * The layers of insulation were fixed in the same way by the same person each time. * By repeating the test for a wide range of thicknesses of insulation anomalies would show up as the results are plotted. Safety * Safety glasses were worn to protect our eyes from splashes of hot water. * Gloves were worn to protect hands from the hot water * Laboratory coats were worn to help protect our bodies from the hot water. * We stood up so that if the water did spill we could move away quickly * The experiment was done under supervision. * The thermometer was suspended so that there was no risk of dropping it. * The apparatus was set up in a position where it could not easily be knocked over. Results Room temperature at start of experiment = 22.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C Room temperature at end of experiment = 23.0à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C Table 1 Temperature change for varying thicknesses of insulation. Time in Minutes Temperature in à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C Layers 0 layers 2 layers 4 layers 6 layers 8 layers 10 layers 0 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 80.00 1 78.50 79.75 80.00 79.00 80.00 79.25 2 77.00 79.00 79.25 78.75 79.00 78.50 3 76.00 78.50 78.75 78.25 78.75 78.00 4 75.25 77.75 78.25 78.00 78.50 77.50 5 74.25 77.25 78.00 77.50 78.00 77.25 6 73.00 76.75 77.25 77.00 77.75 76.75 7 72.50 76.25 77.00 76.75 77.23 76.50 8 71.75 75.75 76.50 76.50 77.00 76.00 9 70.75 75.25 76.00 76.00 76.75 76.00 10 70.00 75.00 75.50 75.75 76.25 75.50 11 69.25 74.50 75.00 75.25 76.00 75.00 12 68.50 73.75 74.75 75.00 75.75 75.00 13 68.00 73.25 74.50 74.75 75.25 75.00 14 68.00 72.75 74.00 74.50 75.00 74.25 15 66.00 72.25 73.50 74.00 75.00 74.00 16 65.25 71.75 73.00 73.50 74.75 73.75 17 65.00 71.25 72.76 73.25 74.25 73.50 18 64.25 70.75 77.25 73.00 74.00 73.25 19 63.50 70.25 72.00 72.50 73.75 73.00 20 63.00 70.00 71.50 72.00 73.50 72.75 21 62.25 69.50 71.00 72.00 73.00 72.50 22 62.00 69.00 70.75 71.50 73.00 72.25 23 61.00 68.50 70.25 71.00 72.75 72.00 24 60.25 68.00 70.00 71.00 72.50 71.75 25 60.00 67.50 69.75 70.50 72.00 71.25 26 59.50 67.00 69.50 70.00 72.00 71.00 27 58.75 66.75 69.00 70.00 71.75 71.00 28 58.00 66.00 68.75 69.75 71.25 70.75 29 57.50 65.75 68.50 69.50 71.00 70.50 30 57.00 65.25 68.00 69.00 71.00 70.25 Energy loss after 30 minutes in Joules 14490 9292 7560 6930 5670 6142 Table 2 Temperature change at 10 minute intervals Time in Minutes Temperature in à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C Layers 0 layers 2 layers 4 layers 6 layers 8 layers 10 layers 10 10 5.00 4.5 4.25 3.75 4.5 20 17.00 10.00 18.50 8.00 6.5 7.25 30 23.00 14.75 12.00 11.00 9 9.75 Conclusion The results in Table 1 are shown graphically in Fig.1. Room temperature changed only slightly, so it will not have affected the results. From Fig 1 it is clear that the rate of heat loss from the water is reduced by increasing the amount of insulation. With no insulation the temperature fell by 23 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C in 30 minutes. With two layers this reduced to 14.75à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C in 30 minutes. Figure 1 shows that by adding more and more layers of insulation the reduction in energy reduces to a point where it changes very little and may even increase. Figure 1 also shows that the rate of loss of heat is almost a straight line but there is a slight curve. This is most clearly seen from the curve with no insulation. This is because; as the water cools the temperature differential between the water and room temperature reduces so the energy loss will reduce. The curves for the insulation are straighter because the change in temperature differential is less. Table 2 compares the reduction in temperature at 10, 20 and 30 minutes for the various thicknesses of insulation. Fig. 2 shows that the reduction in temperature reduces with the number of layers to a low point at about 8 layers and it rises again a little for 10 layers. This is not what I expected in my prediction. This is because of radiation. Insulation can be used to prevent heat loss however it does not prevent heat loss by radiation. Heat which does get through the insulation will be radiated away. The amount of radiation will depend upon the temperature differential between the outside surface of the insulation and room temperature. As the insulation gets thicker less heat passes through and the outside temperature is lower so the amount of radiation should reduce. However, with a circular cup, the surface area of the insulation increases so the amount of radiation also increased and this may be what is stopping the reduction in heat loss. The surface area without insulation is approximately 250 cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. The surface area with insulation is 620 cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ which is 2.48 times as much. The experiment suggests that there is an optimum thickness for the insulation Evaluation Accuracy Figure 1 shows the curves for the temperature readings. Some of the points do not fit on the smooth best fit curve which could be drawn through the points. This shows that there was an error in the readings for those points. However, the errors are not sufficient to affect the overall conclusions. Table 3 shows the temperature steps between each reading and Fig 3 shows the irregularities for three of the tests. With this experiment it is not possible to retake or double check readings because the temperature keeps changing. If money were no expense, it would be better to use an automatic measuring system where a computer records the readings at the exact interval rather than allowing for human response. A digital thermometer would be used to record the temperature because it could readings of 0.1 of a degree rather than 0.25. From the results in Fig 1, I can see that the time at which the clock is started at 80à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C is very critical because the temperature is only falling at about 1/2 a degree Celsius per minute. This could lead to an error of about 2 minutes. This could possibly explain the discrepancy between 8 and 10 layers. Further investigation I would like to investigate the effect of adding even more insulation to see if the rate of loss of energy increases due to the increase in surface area increasing the amount of radiation. I would do this because as you can see in Fig 2. The curve begins to slope up showing an increase in change of temperature. I would like to investigate this further and see if this trend continues with more layers of insulation. The experiment could also be repeated for different temperature ranges between the water and room temperature.

Ecotourism In Socotra Natural Reserve Tourism Essay Essay Example

Ecotourism In Socotra Natural Reserve Tourism Essay Essay Example Ecotourism In Socotra Natural Reserve Tourism Essay Paper Ecotourism In Socotra Natural Reserve Tourism Essay Paper The focal point of this research will look into the factors influencing of local community engagement in planning and direction in ecotourism in Socotra Natural Reserve ( SNR ) . Based on the research inquiry that expresses the demand to develop and construe indexs for success, it is indispensable to direction in ecotourism ( SNR ) , which includes a assortment of factors such as societal economic, and environmental. The probe focuses on what is meaningful to persons and compares it to the industry. A research entails the application of assorted methods and techniques to make cognition through the usage of scientific methods and processs. Allison ( 1996 ) and Welman and Kruger ( 1999 ) define research as a systematic enquiry that is reported in a signifier that allowed the research methods and results to be accessible to others. Research besides involves seeking solutions to job or reply to inquiry. As stressed by Walman and Kruger ( 1999 ) , research job refers to some trouble that the research worker experiences in the context of either a theoretical or practical state of affairs. For the intent of this survey the research will utilize both quantitative and qualitative research methods. This is make up ones minding because touristry focal points on phenomena that occur in a existent universe scene, and because touristry as a field has many complex dimensions. Quantitative attack will use via a study behavior for local communities environing Socotra Natural Reserve. While qualitative attack will used chiefly with authorities, NOGs and leader of community. Specifically, the survey will use the in structured interviews. The qualitative attack is grounded the interpretative societal scientific disciplines paradigm. Qualitative signifiers of probe tend to be based on the acknowledgment on the of import of the aims experiential unrecorded universe of human existences. Such contemplation is the frame of phenomenology coverage ( Blanche A ; Durrheim, 1999 ) . Gilbert ( 1993 ) notes that qualitative methodological analysiss provide avenues that can take to the find of these deeper degrees of significance. Easterby-Smith ( 1991 ) describes the undertaking of the qualitative methodological analysiss as to capture what people say and how they interpret the complexness of their universe. It is an effort specifically, Jennings ( 2001 ) notes that the qualitative methodological analysis gathers information as text-based units, which represent the societal world, context and properties of the phenomenon under survey. Within the context of touristry research, Walle ( 1996 ) explained that qualitative or inductive research commences in empirical existent universe scenes where informations about the touristry phenomenon are gathered analyzed and theoretical concepts are either generated or modified. Research that utilizes qualitative methodological analysis usually draws on informations aggregation methods such as participant observation in-depth interviews and/or focal point group ( Jenninges, 2001 ) . As a effect of its implicit in paradigm qualitative research is subjective. It relies on the texts and discourses of participants and involves little figure of participants in the research procedure as a consequence of the procedure of garnering in-depth information ( Gunn, 1994 ) . Furthermore, because of the little figure of engagement qualitative research does non assume to stand for the wider population. Qualitative research enables researcher to show elaborate snapshots, as it are, of the participants under survey ( Finn et al. 2000 ) . Possibly one of the major restrictions of qualitative research and rating is the clip required for informations aggregation, analysis and reading. The research has to pass a considerable sum of clip in the research scene in order to analyze holistically and aggregately, the interactions, reactions and activities of topics ( Babbie, 1995 ) . The job of equal cogency and dependability is frequently a unfavorable judgment frequently leveled by quantitative research worker at qualitative methods. Because of the subjective nature of qualitative informations and its beginning in individual contexts, it is hard to use conventional criterions of dependability and cogency. Contexts, state of affairss, events, conditions and interactions can non be replicated to any extent, nor can generalisations be made to a wider context than the one studied with any grade of assurance. In short, the profusion, single and subjective nature of a participant s position and apprehension are non conformable to the usual scientific standard. However, Neuman ( 1994 ) argues that this does non do such understanding any less existent or valid for that participant. Quantitative research workers expect the qualitative research worker to show the cogency and dependability of claims, to show the generalization of experiencing run intoing the same standard as quantitative research. 3.2.2 Quantitative attack A quantitative research attack is grounded in the positive societal scientific disciplines paradigm, which chiefly reflects the scientific method of the natural scientific disciplines ( Jennings, 2001 ) . This paradigm adopts a deductive attack to the research procedure. In the touristry context it commences with theories, hypotheses or research inquiries about a peculiar touristry phenomenon. The attack gathers data from existent universe scenes and so analyses the informations statistically to back up or reject the hypotheses ( Welman A ; Kruger, 1999 ) . Researchs who adopt a more deductive attack usage theory to steer the design of the survey and the reading of consequences ( Neuman, 1994 ) . The overall aim is to prove or verify, instead than to develop one. Thus the theory offers a conceptual model for the full survey, functioning besides as an forming theoretical account for the research inquiries or hypotheses and for the full informations aggregation process ( Veal, 1997 ) . A quantitative methodological analysis abstracts data from the participants into statistical representations instead than textual images of the phenomenon. The full research procedure is objectively constructed, and the findings are normally representative of the population being studied. The chief strengths of the quantitative attack prevarication in preciseness and control of the methodological analysis. Control is achieved through the sampling and design, and supported by a dependable quantitative measuring or proving that can be employed within the methodological analysis. A farther strength is that experimentation leads to statement about causing, since the systematic use of one variable can be shown to hold direct causal consequence on another when other variables have been eliminated or controlled ( Babbie, 19995 ) . Furthermore, hypotheses are tested through a deductive attack, and the usage quantitative informations licenses statistical analysis ( Welman A ; Kruger, 1999 ) . The method therefore provides replies which have much firmer footing than a laic individual s common sense, intuition or sentiment. Other restriction of quantitative research reported by critics is that many research workers are concerned that the scientific quantitative attack denigrates human individualism and the ability to believe ( Jennings, 2001 ) . The research design for this probe is a quantitative and qualitative survey attack utilizing a study method. Anderson, Sweeney and Williams ( 2004 ) suggest that a quantitative research can reliably find if one thought or construct is better than the options. This method besides enables research workers to mensurate and command variables. Leedy and Ormrod ( 2005 ) concur that quantitative research is used to reply inquiries about relationships among mensural variables with the intent of explicating, foretelling, and commanding phenomena. Hence, the research design met the demands of this survey, as the research worker sought to supply dependable and valid results. The study method uses one mechanism to roll up informations from the population. The literature reappraisal in chapter two provides the theoretical and empirical footing for the current survey. The model is based on the old surveies which emphasized these factors. 3.3 Population and Sample As discussed before under the range of the survey, this research is confined to the local communities in the SNR in Yemen. Thus, the mark populations from local community are those who live around SNR. Harmonizing to RSCN functionary statistics, ( 2009 ) there are four small towns located around SNR and the population of occupant is 12,045 villagers. In footings of sample size, it was based on reexamining the research methodological analysis literature. Harmonizing to Kline ( 1998 ) the sample size must be at least 200 unite to see being big. Further, Roscoe ( 1975 ) highlighted that the most appropriate figure in most research should be larger than 30 and less than 500. Finally, Veal ( 2006 ) mentioned that when the populations are 10,000 the sample size should be at least 370 units, and for 500.00 populations and above the sample size should be 384 units. For the intent of this survey, and to take a safe figure of sample size, 400 units will be the sample survey because the populat ion is non widely dispersed, homogenous and non significantly different in footings of bomber groups size. The sampling besides takes into consideration the world that merely those willing and able to take part can be taken as respondents for survey with dismissing the nonreader and the immature. 3.4 Data aggregation This survey intends to look into the relationship of societal benefits, economic benefits and environment benefits with the degree of community engagement in ecotourism. The research worker will utilize a complimentary attack of utilizing both secondary and primary informations for this survey. The primary informations in this survey will be collected from the local communities in add-on governmental governments, NGOs and leader of community. A Likert graduated table questionnaire study is the chief instrument will utilize in garnering quantitative informations from the local communities it is designed by the research worker. For this survey, the research worker will take the clip emphasis and duties for the participants into history. In order to avoid these and troubles, following stairss would be taken: foremost the questionnaires will be dealt in confidentiality with participants to acquire more realistic, honest and blunt responses. Second, the questionnaire will be translated into Arabic linguistic communication to do them understood and more acceptable to the participants and 3rd ; the study will be conducted personally by the research worker in order to accomplish high degree of responses. Structured personal interviews will carry on with the governmental governments, NGOs responsible for ecotourism in Yemen and leader of community. Both study and interview informations are triangulated to supply a clearer position on the issue being studied. The secondary informations are identified in old surveies, which including surveies, articles, statistics, studies, conferences, books, maps, newspaper and other available resource. 3.5 Instrument Design 3.5.1 The Questionnaire The questionnaire is a common instrument for detecting informations beyond the physical accomplishment of the perceiver ( Leedy, 1997 ) . Riley et Al, ( 2000 ) , states that in a questionnaire, there are may be unfastened and closed inquiry. A closed inquiry is one where responses are restricted to a little set of responses that generate precise replies. Open-ended inquiry do non enforce limitations on the possible replies, but are hard to aggregate and computerise. However, the response is frequently of more value, and of more inside informations. Jancowitz ( 2000 ) notes that a construction inquiries that possess an component of maneuvering information from the respondent without any prompt from research worker. This is the method that will utilize in the questionnaire developed for this empirical survey. The questionnaire direction should guarantee that all respondents are treated every bit. Two rules form the foundation for good direction ; lucidity and courtesy. Anonymity is besides guaranting as the individuality of the respondent will non necessitate and an indicant of the name of the organisation is optional. Harmonizing to Finn et Al, ( 2000 ) , a questionnaire should non be excessively long and complicated. More pages with a clear and user-friendly layout are better than fewer pages with cramped and prohibiting layout. All of the above rules are following in planing the questionnaire. In add-on the bill of exchange questionnaire is pre-test in a pilot survey. In planing the questionnaire, a four point Likert-type graduated table will utilize. The Likert graduated table is the most widely used from of scaly points where the respondents chooses a point on a graduated table that best represents his/ her position ( Allison, 1996 ) . A four points Likert graduated table eliminates the natural or no sentiment options thereby coercing the respondents to bespeak clearly their sentiment. For this research will use study questionnaire in roll uping the primary informations from mark population. The questionnaire will utilize four points Likert graduated table i.e. 1 strongly disagree, 2 disagree, 3 agree and 4 strongly agree in order to hold more effects in acquiring decisive replies from respondents. The questionnaire for local communities will be divided into 4 pages the first will include general information about the aims of the survey. The 2nd page will be demographic information and information sing SNR related issues. The staying pages of th e questionnaire consist of 40 points design to research the attitudes of local communities and outlook towards ecotourism in SNR. 3.5.2 Personal Interview The research will use study interview in roll uping the primary informations from authorities, NGOs and leader of community via interviews. The interviews will be face to confront in-depth and will carry on in the office of the interviewees. Interviews will enter with the permission of each participant. Dialogue through interviews will provides elaborate information about issues impacting them refering the planning and direction of SNR. The aim of the interview is to understand the function of authorities and NGOs in planning of SNR. 3.6. Pilot Test Pilot trial is the process in which research worker makes alteration in an instrument based on feedback from little figure of persons who complete and evaluate the instrument ( Creswell, 2008 ) . The questionnaire will be tested by administering to the sample in mark local community of this survey. Participants representing about 10 % of the sample will have 40 questionnaires. This questionnaire will be distributed in four small towns in the Socotra Island to guarantee good coverage of the whole mark population. The pilot trial will supply feedback in the signifier of written remarks to the research worker about the instrument straight by the participant. This will assist alteration in the instrument in order to do it more apprehensible and clear, which would let the sample being capable of finishing the questionnaire decently. The dependability of the graduated table means that repeated usage of the graduated table at different clip under the same conditions will take to the same consequences ( Ryan, 2000 ) . Hence, in this case, dependability is related to whether the four dimensions will give the same consequence each clip if used to mensurate the same attitude repeatedly. If graduated table is non dependable, it can non be valid, because it is non decently mensurating anything at all, allow entirely mensurating the right thing. In current survey, the research worker will carry on appropriate trial for the dependability of the content of the instrument. Alpha coefficient ( Cronbach s alpha ) will be used assess the internal consistence of the instrument. Validity implies that the research worker can pull meaningful and justifiable illations from tonss about a sample or population ( Croswell, 2008 ) . To guarantee the instrument is utile and meaningful the research worker in current survey will exhibit the instrument on the experient academic in order to take their recommendation with respect to the cogency of the instrument. It is deserving adverting the trial will be done in two linguistic communications, the Arabic and English. 3.6. Data Analysiss The research is to look into the influencing of societal benefits, economic benefits and environment benefits on degree of community engagement in ecotourism. This survey is a causal research. Descriptive analysis will be usage to sum up the features of informations such as mean, average and standard divergence. The research worker will utilize factors analysis to find the nature of the factors and to place figure of factors that may be used to stand for the dealingss among variables. This survey will analyze to research the correlativity between independent variables and dependent variables and besides look for any possible multicollinearity among the independent variables. To analyze the association between multiple independent variables and the individual dependant variables, this survey would utilize additive multiple arrested development analysis technique. Hypothesiss would be trial to reason about the theoretical account development in chapter 2. 3.7 Decision In this chapter the research worker describes the research methodological analysis that will be used to look into the relationship between the independent variables ( societal benefits, economic benefits and environment benefits ) and the dependant variable ( community engagement ) to accomplish the aim of the survey. 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Profile of Sean Vincent Gillis

Profile of Sean Vincent Gillis Sean Vincent Gillis murdered and mutilated eight women between 1994 and 2003 in and around Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Dubbed as the Other Baton Rouge Killer his arrest came after the arrest of his rival, Baton Rouge Serial Killer, Derrick Todd Lee. Sean Gillis Childhood Years Sean Vincent Gillis was born on June 24, 1962, in Baton Rouge, LA to Norman and Yvonne Gillis. Struggling with alcoholism and mental illness, Norman Gillis left the family soon after Sean was born. Yvonne Gillis struggled to raise Sean alone while maintaining a full-time job at a local television station. His grandparents also took an active role in his life, often caring for him when Yvonne had to work. Gillis had all the characteristics of a normal child. It wasnt until his younger teen years that some of his peers and neighbors caught a glimpse of his darker side. Education and Catholic Values Education and religion were important to Yvonne and she managed to scrape together enough money to enroll Sean into parochial schools. But Sean did not have much interest in school and maintained only average grades. This did not bother Yvonne. She thought her son was brilliant. High School Years Gillis was an odd teenager which did not make him very popular at school, but he did have two best friends that he hung out with a lot. The group would usually hang around Gillis house. With Yvonne at work, ​they could talk freely about girls, Star Trek, listen to music and sometimes even smoke a little pot. Computers and Pornography After graduating from high school Gillis got a job at a convenience store. When not at work he spent much of his time on his computer looking at pornographic websites. Over time Gillis obsession to look at pornography online seemed to fester and affect his personality. He would skip work and other responsibilities in order to stay at home alone with his computer. Yvonne Moves Away In 1992 Yvonne decided to take a new job in Atlanta. She asked Gillis to come with her, but he did not want to go, so she agreed to continue to pay the mortgage on the house so that Gillis had a place to live. Gillis, now 30, was living alone for the first time in his life and he could do as he pleased because no one was watching. Howling But people were watching. His neighbors saw him late at night sometimes in his yard howling at the sky and cursing his mother for leaving. They caught him peeping into the window of a young woman who lived next door. They saw his friends coming and going and could sometimes smell the scent of marijuana from his house on hot summer nights. Many of Gillis neighbors quietly wished that he would move away. Simply put, he gave them the creeps. Love In 1994 Sean and Terri Lemoine met each other through a mutual friend. They had similar hobbies and bonded quickly. Terri found Sean to be an underachiever, but kind and considerate. She helped him get a job at the same convenience store where she worked. Terri loved Gillis  but did not like that he was a heavy drinker. She also was confused by his lack of interest in sex, a problem she eventually accepted and blamed on his addiction to pornography. What she didnt realize was that Gillis interest in porn was centered around sites that focused on rape, death, and dismemberment of women. She also did not know that in March of 1994, he acted out on his fantasies with his first of many victims, an 81-year-old woman named Ann Bryan. Ann Bryan On March 20, 1994, Ann Bryan, 81, was living at St. James Place which was an assisted-living facility located across the street from the convenience store where Gillis worked. As she often would do, Ann left the door to her apartment unlocked before retiring to bed so that she did not have to get up to let the nurse in the next morning. Gillis entered Anns apartment around 3 a.m. and stabbed her to death after his attempt to rape her failed. He slashed at her 47 times, almost decapitating and disemboweling the small elderly woman. He seemed fixated on stabbing at her face, genitals, and breasts. Ann Bryans murder shocked the Baton Rouge community. It would be another 10 years before her murderer was caught and five years before Gillis would attack again. But once he started back his list of victims grew quickly. Victims Terri and Gillis began living together in 1995 soon after he murdered Ann Bryan and for the next five years, the need to murder and butcher women seemed to go away. But then Gillis got bored and in January 1999 he once again started to stalk the streets of Baton Rouge looking for a victim. Over the next five years, he killed seven more women, mostly prostitutes, with the exception of Hardee Schmidt who came from an affluent area of the city and became his victim after he spotted her jogging in her neighborhood. Gillis victims included: Ann Bryan, aged 81, murdered March 21, 1994.Katherine Ann Hall, aged 29, murdered January 4, 1999.Hardee Schmidt, aged 52, murdered May 30, 1999.Joyce Williams, aged 36, murdered November 12, 1999.Lillian Robinson, aged 52, murdered in January 2000.Marilyn Nevils, aged 38, murdered in October 2000.Johnnie Mae Williams, aged 45, murdered in October 2003.Donna Bennett Johnston, aged 43, murdered February 26, 2004. The Baton Rouge Serial Killer During much of the time that Gillis was busy murdering, dismembering and cannibalizing Baton Rouge women, there was another serial killer that prowled the college community. The unsolved murders were beginning to pile up and as a result, a task force of investigators was organized. Derrick Todd Lee was apprehended on May 27, 2003, and dubbed the Baton Rouge Serial Killer, and the community breathed a sigh of relief. What many did not realize, however, was that Lee was just one of two or maybe three serial killers on the loose in south Louisiana. Arrest and Conviction The murder of Donna Bennett Johnston was what finally led police to the Sean Gillis door. Pictures of her murder scene revealed tire tracks near where her body was found. With the help of engineers at the Goodyear Tire Company, the police were able to identify the tire and had a list of everyone who bought it in Baton Rouge. They then set out to contact all of the people on the list in order to get a DNA sample. Sean Vincent Gillis was number 26 on the list. On April 29, 2004, Gillis was arrested for murder after his DNA sample matched the DNA found on hairs on two of his victims. It did not take long for Gillis to start confessing after he was in police custody. The detectives sat listening to Gillis proudly describe the grotesque details of each of the murders. At times he laughed and joked as he described how he had cut off the arm of one victim, consumed the flesh of another, raped the corpses of others and masturbated with the severed parts of his victims. After Gillis was arrested a search of his home turned up 45 digital images on his computer of the mutilated body of Donna Johnston. Prison Letters During the time that Gillis remained in jail awaiting his trial, he exchanged letters with Tammie Purpera, a friend of victim Donna Johnston. In the letters, he describes the murder of her friend and for the first time even showed a glimpse of remorse: She was so drunk it only took about a minute and a half to succumb to unconsciousness and then death. Honestly, her last words were I cant breathe. I still puzzle over the post-mortem dismemberment and cutting. There must be something deep in my subconscious that really needs that kind of macabre action. Purpera died of AIDS not long after receiving the letters. She did, however, have the opportunity before dying to give all of Gillis letters to the police. Sentencing Gillis was arrested and charged with the murders of Katherine Hall, Johnnie Mae Williams, and Donna Bennett Johnston. He stood trial for these crimes on July 21, 2008, and was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison. A year prior to that he pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was convicted in the killing of 36-year-old Joyce Williams. To date, he has been charged and convicted of seven of the eight murders. Police are still trying to gather more evidence to charge him with the murder of Lillian Robinson.

Possible Effects of Budget Preparation on the Behavior of Laundry Essay

Possible Effects of Budget Preparation on the Behavior of Laundry Supervisor - Essay Example This research will begin with the possible effects of budget preparation on the behavior of laundry supervisor. Budgets fall under the category of responsibility accounting. The reason they are given this name is because laundry supervisor can be given enough discretion to manage her own department and at the same time she will be questioned on any results that were below the budgeted performance. It helps the higher level management is focus on their core competencies and organizational planning, setting up strategic goals and looking after other more important aspects of the business by giving the duty of performing day to day budget of one department within the organization to its supervisor. This is a motivational thing for the department supervisor as well. She will try to beat her own budget and achieve better performance if the budget achievement is linked with performance rewards. The current budget preparation process has certain big flaws. First of all since people closer t o the action were not consulted before making the budget, a lot of useful information would have been omitted from the budget preparation process. This is particularly bad as the supervisors might not be able to achieve their targets because the budget was not realistic and all blame will fall on the supervisors. Similarly, it will be impossible to link the laundry function of the organization with other functions. This will create negative synergy or less result from more effort. Certain functions of the laundry department and costs of laundry departments are linked with the results or decision taken by other departments. For example, it is the nursing department that decides on how frequently it will change the bedding of the patient. If they decide to change the bedding daily, whereas the budget was prepared keeping in mind that the bedding will be changed not before three days, then the costs of the laundry department will rise. If no alteration is made to the original or planne d budget than laundry supervisors will not even try to achieve the budget and their negative feelings towards the organizations will be reflected and translated to the entire organization. This will result in the performance decrease in the entire organization. Any variation in the budget should be investigated only when it is material to investigate the scenario. For example, a lowly amount of $10, even if the change is more than 5% should not be undertaken because the entire investigation process would further waste the resources of greater than $10. Hence, lowly amounts are not worth investigation and only those amounts which are large enough to contribute to the organizational saving should be investigated. In other words variances should only be investigated if the cost of doing research is less than the benefits obtained from the investigation. The current process of budget preparation is that each department has to look after the

Case study(Tanglewood department stores) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case study(Tanglewood department stores) - Essay Example 5 Work Cited Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Company Profile Tanglewood was founded in 1975 by Tanner Emerson and Thurston Wood. The company operates in the retail industry specializing in clothing, appliances, home decor, and electronics. The stores have an outdoor theme that differentiates Tanglewood from the competition. The company’s mission statement is to be the best department store for consumers seeking quality, durability, and value for all aspects of their active lives. The firm has operating revenues of $7.2 billion while employing nearly 53,000 employees across 243 stores. The company’s target customer is middle to high income customers. Issues and problems Tanglewood was developed by its founders as a family type store where people could come in and find all their shopping needs. The concept helped attract a lot of customer s. The store prides itself in offering the best customer service possible. Another part of the working environment that the owners have always been proud of is having a high level of employee involvement. This attribute was a good idea at first, but as the company has grown it has let to administrative problems. It is important in large organizations for the employees to understand the managerial hierarchy. Stores need manages to be accountable to the operating and strategic decisions that occur at the enterprise. During the 1990’s Tanglewood experienced a lot of growth in terms of total store capacity. The firm grew from a 10 store operation to the current 243 stores it operates today. The problem with the growth the firm achieved was that the company did not build its own stores. It was easier for the firm to acquire other existing stores. The strategy that the firm implemented had lots of short term advantages, but it also led to long term consequences. The firm did not ha ve a unified identity due to the fact that there was a blend of many different corporate cultures. The executive managerial staff of the firm did a poor job developing a single corporate culture for the employees to follow. An organizational culture is a system of shared actions, values, and beliefs that develops within an organization that guides the behavior of its members (Schermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn, p.262). A problem the company faced as it grew was that the owners of the firm took an active managerial role without taking on the responsibility of the day to day operations. The owners emphasized more on the strategic side of management. Another inherent problem the company faced was the westward expansion of major competitors such as Target and Kohl’s. The firm had been able to avoid excessive direct competition in the past, but now based on the new market structure the firm has to compete with the major players in the retail industry. The company needs a new administrat ive strategy to better manage its human resources. Alternative Solutions The employees of a company are its most value asset. Due to the importance of human capital Tanglewood needs immediate help dealing with the staff. An alternative solution is for the company to bring a temporary project manager to oversee the operation. The project manager would

Measuring Bank Liquidity Using Publicly Available Information Assignment

Measuring Bank Liquidity Using Publicly Available Information - Assignment Example In comparison to savings banks in Germany, big commercial banks have a volatile return on equity. In the UK, Barclays, HSBC, RBS, and Lloyds are the big commercial banks that dominate the market thereby causing limited competition. However, in the US, financial systems are market-based and thus financed from the issue of securities. Single factor sensitivity analysis is used to measures changes in the portfolio in relation to interest rates, share prices, and exchange rate while scenario analysis uses simulation to determine risk (Drehmann and Nikolaou 2010, 50). Liquidity risk will indicate a bank’s ability to meet short-term and long-term liabilities for going concern purpose. Higher proportions of short-term debts will indicate a higher liquidity risk. Such banks will be subjected to a higher minimum capital requirement by the regulatory authority. The regulatory capital is then linked to the riskiness of its asset portfolio. To evaluate liquidity both on and off-balance sheet items can be added and weighted to evaluate the correct value of the risk-adjusted assets. Tier 1 capital will entail retained earnings, equity, and reserves while tier 2 capitals will compose revaluated items, unrecognized reserves, and gains on securities. Concentration measurement gives a clear picture of the competitiveness of a bank in the international banking industry. The indices used for measurement are the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the Gini coefficient. Both the Herfindahl and Concentration ratio methods take into account the largest institutions in account when determining their values. Structure-conduct-performance analysis deals with the concentration of firms in the market, individual conduct of firms and profitability. It is evidenced that there is a statistical econometric correlation between the measure of market structure in the banking industry and profitability. Therefore, the market share of the international bank will indicate its ability to mitigate liquidity.

Children's book (in Spanish) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Children's book (in Spanish) - Essay Example Tras pensar y pensar sobre las consecuencias que desatarà ­an sus acciones en contra de los colonos espaà ±oles, pensà ³ en cuà ¡les serà ­an los pasos que tomarà ­a para que las personas que vivà ­an allà ­ sufriesen lo menos posible. Esta decisià ³n de pelear contra sus invasores (los espaà ±oles) no fue fà ¡cil ya que no serà ­a una accià ³n pacà ­fica como la que Mahatma Gandhi, un gran là ­der de la India realizà ³ contra Inglaterra en el siglo XX. Gandhi le propuso a su pueblo, una guerra pacà ­fica contra los invasores de su paà ­s. Pelear contra Inglaterra (otro paà ­s colonizador) de forma pacà ­fica no fue fà ¡cil pero lo logrà ³. Esto fue un gran hecho en la historia ya que no hubo derrame de sangre. Por el contrario, pelear contra los invasores (los espaà ±oles) de Venezuela y de los otros paà ­ses cercanos de Sur Amà ©rica, querà ­a decir, pelear a sangre frà ­a, ya que los espaà ±oles no cedà ­an su estadà ­a de estar ahà ­. Los espaà ±oles querà ­an a Venezuela y a otros paà ­ses como mà ¡s territorios en el nuevo continente de Sur Amà ©rica y bajo su poder. En 1819, Bolà ­var formà ³ un grupo llamado el Congreso de Angostura y fundà ³ la Gran Colombia. Venezuela, Colombia, Panamà ¡ y Ecuador formaban parte de la Gran Colombia. Simà ³n Bolà ­var logrà ³ independizar a Colombia, Venezuela, y Perà º, aunque su mayor sueà ±o era que Sur Amà ©rica fuese libre. Espaà ±a estuvo en la Guerra de la Independencia espaà ±ola contra los franceses y hubo una liberacià ³n de las colonias en Sur Amà ©rica pero al abandonar los franceses a Espaà ±a, todo cambià ³ para ser igual que antes. Los espaà ±oles siguieron con las conquistas de las colonias sur americanas que ya eran independientes. Volvieron las tropas, los barcos de guerra y el transporte, la artillerà ­a, las armas y las municiones. Como consecuencia hubo muchas muertes. Como consecuencia a los abusos, muertes y atropellos de parte de los espaà ±oles,

Explain the development of the US Airline Industry and what role did Essay

Explain the development of the US Airline Industry and what role did the government play from 1910-1950 - Essay Example It was the world’s first commercial flight which travelled from St. Petersburg to Tampa Bay. The earliest initiative to promote the US airline industry was the formation of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in 1915(NACA). This body was funded by the government to research into aircraft design and it was able to create the first supersonic aircraft. NACA was later integrated with NASA. With high speed aircrafts, airplanes began to be seen as an alternative to trains and roads. The major reason behind the evolution of this industry was the United States Postal Service. The USPS used army services during the early 1920 but since the army was involved in the World War, it could not render much time to the postal service (US Air). In 1925, government passed the Air mail act which allowed the private airlines to carry postal mails. The government took this step because it believed that it would promote the airline industry in the country and also provide economical sup port to the country (Harry, 2004). This served as a great initiative and the number of flights rose to a considerably large level. The private airlines expanded under this act and soon a large number of airlines were operating which not only for delivered postal mails but also offered passenger services. However with the increased number of flights and no monitoring and regulatory body, the accidents were very common.