Teaching Content through Literature and Technology Trade Books

Introduction Education of little kids plays an important role in life: the way of how children are able to grasp new material and the principles according to which it is necessary to live influences their future and communication with other people around. In this paper, one of the cultural aspects of children education will be taken into consideration.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Content through Literature and Technology: Trade Books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the help of three trade books, 3rd grade students will be able to learn more about the First Thanksgiving Era and the history of this amazing holiday in the USA. Trade books are usually rich in captivating narrative and educative content, this is why they may promote students with a good change to understand the necessary aspects of the chosen holiday (Vacca Vacca, 2008). In this paper, three trade books will be evaluated: Mollyâ₠¬â„¢s Pilgrim was by Barbara Cohen in 1998, If You Were at the First Thanksgiving was created by Anne Kamma and Bert Dodson in 2001, and The Night before Thanksgiving was introduced by Natasha Wing and Tammie Lyon in 2001. All these books contain a number of interesting ideas to be discussed with the children of the 3rd grade and may be used in a variety of ways to make the education process more captivating and more effective for students as well as for teachers. A Month-Long Unit Based on the Books Chosen A Social Studies Unit on First Thanksgiving Era lasts for one month, and a teacher should make use of the three trade books chosen to help students understand people, time, and traditions in a new and comprehensible way (Ryder Graves, 2003). There are 8 lessons in the unit and each of them has its own purpose and organization. First Day Objective: to understand student’s attitude to holidays and introduce them Thanksgiving Day from a variety of perspective. Activities: A teacher informs the students about the importance of holidays in everyday life and talks about their favorite holidays and their reasons of their choices. Thanksgiving Era should be mentioned.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second, Third, and Fourth Days Objective: to introduce three different sources about the same holiday, evaluate the level of information offered, and improve student vocabulary. Activities: Each lessons is devoted to the book chosen (first, The Night before Thanksgiving is analyzed as it is the most easiest source and contains a number of interesting pictures and explanations; second, Molly’s Pilgrim is considered as it is about the 3rd grade student who has to understand the importance of the holiday the way students should do; and finally, If You Were at the First Thanksgiving is the most serious trade book that has to be used and analyzed by students and teachers thoroughly). Fifth and Six Days Objective: to organize students’ activities and help to find practical application to students’ theoretical knowledge. Activities: students’ presentation of the Thanksgiving Day and the way of how they understand it; quizzes with the help of which students show their level of knowledge; competitions which are organized by the teacher to involve students in reading and learning. Seventh Day Objective: to evaluate student level of knowledge. Activities: students pass through the tests which are created by the teacher and get grades. Eighth Day Objective: to discuss the achievements of the studies and the wishes of studentsAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Content through Literature and Technology: Trade Books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Activities: students and the teacher organize discussions during which it is possible to enlarge their k nowledge, share personal experiences, and ideas on how the holiday may be organized in the class. In general, the offered unit should be interesting for students and for the teachers because common exchange of knowledge is always educative. The Use of the Books Offered The Night before Thanksgiving by Wing and Lyon is the first book that will be offered for the students. With the help of easy syntax and educative content, the students are able to get the basic knowledge about the holiday and its impact on the development of relations between family members. Family has to be united to enjoy that big celebration through the nation (Wing Lyon, 2001). The most important content objectives this book addresses are to explain the significance of family relations and the importance of the holiday offered. Molly’s Pilgrim is the story written by Cohen that depicts the relations of a young girl with the world around. In addition to the theme of Thanksgiving day, this books teaches abo ut such important virtues like human rights, tolerance, and devotion to personal traditions. It is not easy to build good relations within a short period of time, this is why this book should become a guide for many students to rely on. The objective to be met while reading the book is to motivate students to read and learn more using their own experience and literature offered. If You Were at the First Thanksgiving by Kamma and Dodson is the collection of ideas about the historical perspective of the holiday. A number of questions about the Pilgrims, house decoration, and eating process are answered in the book. So that, the main content purpose that is all about enlarging student knowledge by means of reading is achieved.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Activities Built Around Available Technology The first technology activity that may support the use of the trade books chosen for the course is all about WebQuest. As a rule, the teacher has to design a web page so that it is possible to arouse student interest in reading as well as involve more students in classroom activities. In fact, the nature of WebQuest activity is similar to RAFT writing assignment: students are informed about some basics and have to follow the conditions offered. A teacher asks students fulfill the gaps in order to create an informative piece of work. The quest should consist of several components with the help of which students share their ideas and knowledge and promote distant communication. Another technology activity comes from CD-ROM books which focus on thorough studies of subjects. It is possible to provide students with CDs and ask them to look through the books offered and answer the questions offered at the end of the texts. With the help of such activities, students are able to develop their skills with computer’s use as well as become more aware of the soft. Of course, there is no need to introduce some complicated programs written on special languages: a number of images and space for answers is a good idea to attract students’ attention. Conclusion In general, the activities and books offered in this paper seem to be a powerful approach to the improvement of student knowledge. Teachers should take into consideration students’ possibilities and personal time to organize each activity in the most appropriate way. Current technological progress influences considerably the development of kids’ education, and it is very important to consider the achievements before and during the process. Only in case teachers are aware of the standards set, they may contribute children understanding of the world and help to improve their writing activities, reading skills, and vocabulary. Reference List Ryder, R. Graves, M. (2003). Reading and learning in content areas (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons. Vacca, R.T. Vacca, A.J. (2008) Content area reading: literacy and learning across the curriculum. New York: Pearson Education. Wing, N. Lyon, T. (2001). The Night before Thanksgiving. New York: Grosset Dunlap. This essay on Teaching Content through Literature and Technology: Trade Books was written and submitted by user Mikayla Cline to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Fall Of The Black Panther Party

The Black Panther Party was one that started as a result of the struggle that African Americans faced from day one in America. With a militant hand the Black Panther Party wanted to uplift African Americans and bring about revolutionary socialism and equality for all oppressed minorities. Following in the steps of Malcolm X, the Black Panther Party also sought to bring about positive social services, and to take Malcolm X’s goals for African American’s to new heights. With these theories and the manpower of a unified oppressed group, the uprising of the Black Panther Party was a steady, powerful, and productive organization for advancements in the African American community .Their were various events that lead to the downfall of the party. Some of these events included the militancy of the group in their efforts to achieve equality ,the rallies that incited the minds of their followers, the protest for the use of firearms as well as the use of firearms, and the arres t of the Defense Minister of the Panthers, Henry Newton. The group pushed forward to achieve their goals of equality, against a system that wanted to smother there voices. Though the uprising of the Black Panther Party was short lived, they manage to bring hundreds of thousand of backs and other minorities, as well as some whites together in a struggle for unity across colors. In the eyes of political figures this type of power in the hands of the Black Panther Party was seen as unhealthy for the nation. The FBI quickly developed plans and strategies to break down the party. The use of firearms was both a symbol for African Americans and white police officers. To blacks, the gun was a reminder that they had the right to defend themselves against the aggressive acts of police officers, and that they were on equal footing with the police because their bodies were not bullet proof. The possession of the guns gave African American’s a since of presence. The police h... Free Essays on The Fall Of The Black Panther Party Free Essays on The Fall Of The Black Panther Party The Black Panther Party was one that started as a result of the struggle that African Americans faced from day one in America. With a militant hand the Black Panther Party wanted to uplift African Americans and bring about revolutionary socialism and equality for all oppressed minorities. Following in the steps of Malcolm X, the Black Panther Party also sought to bring about positive social services, and to take Malcolm X’s goals for African American’s to new heights. With these theories and the manpower of a unified oppressed group, the uprising of the Black Panther Party was a steady, powerful, and productive organization for advancements in the African American community .Their were various events that lead to the downfall of the party. Some of these events included the militancy of the group in their efforts to achieve equality ,the rallies that incited the minds of their followers, the protest for the use of firearms as well as the use of firearms, and the arres t of the Defense Minister of the Panthers, Henry Newton. The group pushed forward to achieve their goals of equality, against a system that wanted to smother there voices. Though the uprising of the Black Panther Party was short lived, they manage to bring hundreds of thousand of backs and other minorities, as well as some whites together in a struggle for unity across colors. In the eyes of political figures this type of power in the hands of the Black Panther Party was seen as unhealthy for the nation. The FBI quickly developed plans and strategies to break down the party. The use of firearms was both a symbol for African Americans and white police officers. To blacks, the gun was a reminder that they had the right to defend themselves against the aggressive acts of police officers, and that they were on equal footing with the police because their bodies were not bullet proof. The possession of the guns gave African American’s a since of presence. The police h...

Alzheimer's disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Alzheimer's disease - Essay Example It has a slow development and normally starts after the age of sixty (Medline Plus, 2010). The short-term memory is disturbed while long-term memory is still there. The patient starts losing control over his language, reading and writing skills. He begins to forget the names of acquaintances, relatives or even members of the family. When the disease starts getting worse, the patient may even forget how to eat, drink or go to toilet. Stage 1, mild stage, has symptoms like losing way, trouble in calculating bills, asking something repeatedly, taking longer to perform daily tasks, putting things in weird places, and showing attitude problems. Stage 2, moderate stage, shows symptoms like requiring assistance in performing daily tasks, forgetting recent happenings and acquaintances, mixing up distant past with recent past, having language problems, and wandering away. Stage 3, severe stage, has symptoms like being unable to feed oneself, control bowel and urinary movements, speak, read, w rite or recognize members of the family. Memory vanishes away totally (American Health Assistance Foundation, 2010). References American Health Assistance Foundation. (2010). Alzheimer's symptoms & stages. Alzheimer’s Disease Research.

To Spy Or Not To Spy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

To Spy Or Not To Spy - Essay Example However, there is no consensus with many members having dissenting opinions on the capacity of embracing technology to solve their problems at hand. Some of dissenting opinion with being pro technology is the capability that the technology bring, which the chief executive officer so much believe in and has to building trust when the subordinate are under the watch always with the spyware. This presents a problem of mistrust and fear within the company. Trust is needed for the company to be reputable and cooperative. It emerges that the transitioning from the founders of the company to the current CEO of the company did not have more of technology but it advanced. The previous regime based their property on the research that enabled them to know area of opportunity, threats, weaknesses and strength. With such knowledge, it was easy for the company to grow. The root cause of the stalemate and problem was the new chief executive office coming up with almost sudden change. According to research done by Carr & Trahant change is not something that should be done once but introduce slowly to allow people to familiarize with. The new chief executive came with philosophy of embracing technology, which appeared to be skewed toward spying employees. This cause discourse within the board. The strategic position has negatively affected by the problem in a number of ways. First, the resistance of being pro technology delays the program. Use of spyware is also observed as absence of trust hence bringing the divisions in the company. The current marketing of Globe Alive, Inc is Edmonton area. They have good customer base in Edmonton area. In addition, this organization has very clear objectives. For example, facilitate efficient communication between global partners, discern in-bound supply chain elements from out-bound shipments, expedite customer orders in a timely manner, electronically transfer funds around the world, and monitor employees to ensure

Accounting Principles and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting Principles and Ethics - Essay Example (p. 186) As always, it is important to consider three major perspectives: the client or the company, the profession as an accountant, and the society when doing a financial statement. In preparing a financial report, it is simply not enough for accountants to just follow some rules. Following the general guidelines in accounting is one way to achieve a correct accounting structure or format. However, it is never enough to just follow the accounting rules and principles. It is equally important for the practitioner to practice good ethics by making a good judgment in supporting or auditing a financial report. It has been argued that it is always easy to make an altered financial statement look good by merely following the general rules in accounting principles without applying the necessary ethical consideration. It is possible for some management to use accounting expertise in hiding some corporate financial problems by simply changing the figures in the report or using some inter-company strategy in order to make sales appear promising. (Fager, 2002) In doing so, the accountant clearly violates the US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) as well as it misleads a lot of prospective investors by making the financial statement appears good. When the accountant interpret the figures in making a financial report, the practitioner should be reasonable enough to judge or view things accurately. (p. 247) For example, it is important for the accountant to have a very good character such as avoid greediness which may result to being a victim of bribery. (p. 28) In order to avoid greed, accountants need to be satisfied with the amount of income he / she is earning. In case the practitioner desires more than his / her usual earning, it is easier for big business owners to become an easy target of bribery. When we talk about virtues, we are simply referring to a personal trait that enables a person to carry out a sensitive task well. Accounting is a

Different Types Of Religion Religion Essay

Different Types Of Religion Religion Essay Religion can be described as set of beliefs that explain the universe; religion is more than spirituality and is complicated in understanding the world. Religion can be portrayed as belief concerning one or more deities and incorporating ceremonies, ethical guidelines and rituals. I would focus on only four basic religions which are popular all over the world; they are Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism Judaism. My essay would consist of Beliefs, Leaders Quality, Comparisons and differences between religions and Structures of religion. Christianity portrays that Jesus Christ is the son of God and was to earth to bring salvation unto man, Christians also refer to Jesus as the Messiah. The three largest groups in the world of Christianity are the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox churches, and the various churches of Protestantism. The Roman Catholic and the Orthodox churches were the only churches that were found first before the establishments of other Protestant churches. Christian beliefs These are core belief of real Christians who really worship God. God created all that is seen and unseen Jesus is the Son of God and is one with God Jesus was conceived of the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary Jesus suffered and was crucified Jesus rose again (the Resurrection) Jesus ascended into Heaven Jesus died and was buried Anyone can have salvation Jesus will return to judge the living and the dead People who repent of their sins will be forgiven Structure of Christianity Christianity is made up of 3 divisions which are Catholic, protestant and orthodox. Catholic: The oldest Christian church to be formed, Catholic Church is made up of churches, headed by bishops, in communion with the Pope, the Bishop of Rome. The Roman Catholic Church through Apostolic progression traces its origins to the Christian community founded by Jesus Christ. Catholics maintain that the one, holy and true God which you can get through Jesus Christ. Protestant: In the 16th century, Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Calvin inaugurated what is called Protestantism. Luthers theological heirs are known as Lutherans. In addition to the Lutheran and Reformed branches of the Reformation, there is Anglicanism after the English Reformation. The Anabaptist institution was largely not accepted by the other Protestant parties back then, but has achieved a measure of confirmation in more recent history. Some but not most Baptists prefer not to be called Protestants, claiming a direct ancestral line going back to the apostles in the 1st century. Orthodox: Eastern Orthodoxy comprises those churches in communion with the Patriarchal Sees of the East, such as the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. Like the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church also traces its heritage to the foundation of Christianity through Apostolic succession. Eastern Orthodoxy is the second largest single denomination in Christianity, with over 200 million adherents. The Oriental Orthodox Churches (also called Old Oriental Churches) are those eastern churches that recognize the first three ecumenical councilsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Nicaea, Constantinople and Ephesus but reject the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon and instead espouse a Miaphysite Christology. ISLAM Muslims believe that God is one and without equal. Muslims also accept as true that Islam is the absolute and worldwide account of an ancient faith that was revealed at many times and places before, including through the prophets Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Muslims uphold that previous messages and revelations have been to some extent tainted or corrupted over time, but consider the Quran to be both unaltered and the final revelation from God. Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam, which are basic concepts and compulsory acts of worship, and following Islamic law, which touches on practically every aspect of life and society, encircling everything from banking and welfare, to warfare and the environment. Islam Beliefs Islam beliefs are made of the five main pillars of Islam which are considered obligatory for all believers, they are the shahadah (creed), daily prayers (salat), almsgiving (zakah), fasting during Ramadan and the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) at least once in a lifetime. Law and Jurisprudence of Islam The Sharia (literally the path leading to the watering place) is Islamic law created by traditional Islamic scholarship, which Muslim groups hold on to. Sharia is the face of the divine will, and constitutes a system of duties that are current upon a Muslim by virtue of his religious belief. Islamic law covers all aspects of life, like foreign relations and governance, to matters of daily living. The Quran describes hudud as the punishments for five specific crimes: unlawful intercourse, false accusation of unlawful intercourse, consumption of alcohol, theft, and highway robbery. The Quran and Sunnah also contain laws of inheritance, marriage, and restitution for injuries and murder, as well as rules for fasting, charity, and prayer. Buddhism This is a religion and beliefs surrounding a diversity of traditions, way of life and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha. Buddhist traditions in the East After Buddhas death, splits occurred. There are three systems of thought within Buddhism which are separate. Each tradition in turn has many sects. One cause divides the religion into three main groups by their location: Theravada Buddhism (a.k.a. as Southern Buddhism) now has over 100 million followers. Buddhist missionaries from India took the religion to some countries, but it originally only gained a grip in Sri Lanka. It later extends from Sri Lanka to Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and parts of Vietnam. They promoted the Vibhajjavada School, by the 15th century; this structure of the religion reached almost its present geological extent. Mahayana Buddhism (a.k.a. Northern Buddhism) is the largest religion in China, Japan, Korea and much of Vietnam. The practice entered China during the Han dynasty (206 BCE to 220 CE). It found early reception there among the workers; later, it progressively involved the ruling class. Buddhism reached Japan in the 6th century. It passed through relentless domination during the 1960s in China during the Cultural Revolution. Eastern Buddhism contains many discrete schools: Tein-tai, Hua-yen, Pure Land teachings, and the Meditation school. They commemorate the New Year, harvest festivals, and five anniversaries from the lives of Buddha and of the Bodhissattva Kuan-yin. They also engage in Dana, Sila, Chanting, Worship and Pilgrimage. Judaism Judaism is the religion, beliefs, and way of life of the Jewish people. Originating in the Hebrew Bible (also known as the Tanakh) and explored in later texts such as the Talmud, it is well thought-out by Jews to be the appearance of the covenantal affiliation God developed with the Children of Israel. Judaism claims a chronological permanence straddling more than 3,000 years. It is one of the oldest monotheistic religions,[5] and the oldest to survive into the present day. Beliefs of Judaism Judaism belief is made up of the Ten Commandments which are: I am the Lord your God You shall not recognize the gods of others in My presence You shall not take the Name of the Lord your God in vain Remember the day of Shabbat to keep it holy Honor your father and your mother You shall not murder You shall not commit adultery You shall not steal Do not give false testimony against your neighbor You shall not covet your fellows possessions Messiah In Judaism, the Messiah or the Anointed One is the Hebrew name for the promised savior of humankind. Christians believe Jesus Christ as the Messiah. However, the Jewish religion contends that the Messiah is yet to come and Jesus Christ was just another prophet. Worship and Practices From tradition Jewish pray in a congregation three times a day, The study of Torah, the discovered will of God, also is considered an act of worship. à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Torah is read religiously each Sabbath. The Sabbath is spent in prayer, study, rest, and family feasting. Over the course of a year, the entire Torah will be read on Sabbath and festival days. The Jewish year includes five major festivals Passover, Shabuoth, Sukkot, Rosh Hashanah, and Yom Kippur and two minor one Hanukkah and Purim.à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  COMPARISONS AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHRISTIANITY, ISLAM, BUDDHISM AND JUDAISM CHRISTIANITY ISLAM BUDDHISM JUDAISM ORIGINATION ISRAEL-ROME ARABIA INDIA EGYPT- ISRAEL ADHERANT FOUNDER JESUS CHRIST MOHAMMAD SIDDHARTHA GOTAMA ABRAHAM/ MOSES GOD CHRIST JEHOVAH ALLAH NONE YAWEH ELOHIM AFTER LIFE HEAVEN/ HELL HEAVEN/ HELL NIRVANA EDEN/ GEHENNA HOLY BOOK BIBLE QURAN, SUNNAN TIPITAKA TANAK (TORAH) REFERNCE http://library.thinkquest.org/28505/judaism/intro.htm

Annual Function in 4 Pages Essay

Variety is the spice of life. Life without feasts and celebrations is charm less and lifeless. So is true in case of school life. Without functions and celebrations school life becomes monotonous and uninteresting. Therefore, almost all the schools have certain annual functions such as, Annual Sports Day, Parents’ Day, Teacher’s Day, School Anniversary Day, etc. These celebrations add colour and charm to school life. Recently my school celebrated our Annual Parents Day with great pomp and show. The Parents’ Day celebration is the most important function in my school. A lot of preparation precedes the function. The main purpose of this function is to thank and appreciate the parents and the guardians of children, who help the school authorities in the process of education. It is a day of thanksgiving. Last year our School’s Parents’ Day was held on 10th October. The day was fine and sunny with few streaks of clouds here and there. Our school compound wore a festive look. Arches and colourful flags were everywhere. Music and song filled the air. The main road leading to the school was beautifully decorated. The children were in their best attire. A group of little kids, dressed in local costumes, stood like angels at the entrance; welcoming everyone with their folded hands. The function started at 9.30 a.m. with the welcoming of the Chief Guest and the special invitees. They were led to the decorated Pandal by a group of Wangala dancers (Garo dancers). The Chief Guest for the function was our newly appointed District Deputy commissioner. As soon as the Chief Guest reached the Pandal the school band started the marching tunes. The school children in six groups, dressed carefully in their school uniforms, marched to the beat of the drum. The Chief Guest took the seat and watched the parade with delight. Immediately after the march past, he hoisted the school flag amidst the sound of crackers, clapping of hands and singing of school anthem. The Chief Guest then spoke a few words, which were followed by a colourful drill display by little kids. It was so charming to see the little kids jumping, twisting and dancing to the beats of the drums. Their lively steps, enchanting smile and colourful dresses impressed everyone present there. The drill display was followed by a karate demonstration performed by class V students. Their shouts, twists, chops and jumps evoked applause and cheers from the crowd. The inaugural function came to a close with a Bamboo dance performed by the students of Class VII. After the inaugural function there was a tea party for the Chief Guest and other invitees. The day’s programme concluded with a fine cultural programme lasting about two hours. The cultural programme commenced with a few words by the Headmaster of the school stating the purpose of the function and inviting every one to relax and enjoy the performances of the children. Cultural dances, film songs and dances, action-songs and a short comic play made the entire programme lively and thrilling. The programme came to a close with an enchanting action song by the Nursery kids; who evoked lots of laughter and from the audience. Thus, ended the Parents Day celebration of my school for that year. It was lively, interesting and exciting. Everyone enjoyed it to the full. All departed with a smile on their face and with a big thank you’ on their lips. I am sure everyone went away with sweet and pleasant memories of a day, well planned and enjoyed.

Reservation Policy and Indian Constitution Essay

I. Introduction The spirit of equality pervades the provisions of the Constitution of India, as the main aim of the founders of the Constitution was to create an egalitarian society wherein social, economic and political justice prevailed and equality of status and opportunity are made available to all. However, owing to historical and traditional reasons, certain classes of Indian citizens are under severe social and economic disabilities so that they cannot effectively enjoy either equality of status or of opportunity. Therefore the Constitution accords to these weaker sections of society protective discrimination in various articles, including Article 15(4). This clause empowers the state, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in  Articles 15(1) and 29(2), to make special reservation for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Cast based reservation system in India An ordinary form of long-ago discrimination, inside humankind in India is the carry out of untouchability. Scheduled Castes (SCs) are the main targets of this medieval put into practice a practice which is banned by the Constitution of India (Basu, Durga Das (2008) an untouched human being is measured, contaminated or a lesser human. Though during the Vedic period a person’s ‘Varna’ (not ‘caste’) was clear by his/ her socio-economic duties these duties were either of your own accord performed or were assigned by the local superintendent , and ‘varna’ was originally not clear by one’s birth into any exacting family. Nevertheless, over the years Caste has been defined by one’s birth. The Government in recognition to the peripheral status of the marginalized social communities has consistently promulgated various legislations and statutes, which are influenced by two main considerations, namely: a. to overcome the multiple deprivations of the marginalized social groups inherited from exclusion in the past, and to the extent possible bring them at par with the others; and b. to provide protection against exclusion and discrimination in the present by encouraging their effective participation in the general economic, social and political processes of the country. Towards these ends, the Government of India had utilized two-fold strategies, which include: i) anti-discriminatory and protective measures; ii) development and empowering measures. The extension of the reservation policy in India to the marginalized social groups is primarily drawn from such considerations and is only applicable to the public domain. As such, the vast private sector, which comprises of a sizable section of the marginalized social groups, remains outside the purview of the reservation policy. Reservation in India is a form of affirmative action designed to improve the well-being of perceived backward and under-represented communities defined primarily by their ‘caste’ (quota-system based on ‘gender’ or ‘religion’) is a phenomenon that commenced with the coming into force of the Indian Constitution (the Constitution initially provided reservation to Christians, with the proviso that it would automatically reduce gradually with the efflux of time) – however, lately preferential treatment on regional basis has either been non-statutorily introduced in the educational institutes (e.g. eligibility conditions for candidates from outside the State are 5% higher than that for the ‘locals’, as per local rules prescribed by certain Universities) or is being advocated in both jobs and lowly professions like auto-rickshaw-drivers). The most important stated aim of the Indian reservation system is to boost the opportunities for improved social and instructive position of the underprivileged communities and, thus, allow them to take their equitable place in the conventional of Indian society. The reservation scheme exists to provide opportunities for the members of the SCs and STs to increase their representation in the State Legislatures, the executive appendage of the Union and States, the labor force, schools, colleges, and other ‘public’ institutions. (Financial Support†, 0ct 2011). The Constitution of India states in Article 15(4): â€Å"All citizens shall have equal opportunities of receiving education. Nothing herein contained shall preclude the State from providing special facilities for educationally backward sections (not â€Å"communities†) of the population.† [Emphasis and parentheses added. It also states that â€Å"The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of society (in particular, of the scheduled castes and aboriginal tribes), and shall protect them from social †injustice† and all forms of exploitation.† The Article further states that nothing in Article 15(4) will prevent the nation from helping SCs and STs for their betterment [‘betterment’ up to the level enjoyed by the average member of other communities. ( Laskar, Mehbubul Hassan 2011). In 1982, the Constitution specified 15% and 7.5% of vacancies in public  sector and government-aided educational institutes as a quota reserved for the SC and ST candidates respectively for a period of five years, after which the quota system would be reviewed. This period was routinely extended by the succeeding governments. The Supreme Court of India ruled that reservations cannot exceed 50% (which it judged would violate equal access guaranteed by the Constitution) and put a cap on reservations. However, there are state laws that exceed this 50% limit and these are under litigation in the Supreme Court. For example, the caste-based reservation stands at 69% and the same is applicable to about 87% of the population in the State of Tamil Nadu. In 1990, Prime Minister V. P. Singh announced that 27% of government positions would be set aside for OBC’s in addition to the 22.5% already set aside for the SCs and STs.(The Struggle for Equality in India 2002). In the Indra Sawhney’ case, hon’ble Supreme Court also held that reservation in promotion is unconstitutional but permitted the reservation,for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to continue for a period offive years(From 16.11.92). Consequent to this, the Constitution was amended by the Constitution (Seventy-seventh Amendment) Act, 1995 and Article 16(4-A) was incorporated. This Article enables the State to provide for reservation, in matters of promotion, in favour of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The fact that the words â€Å"Backward class† used in Article 16(4) have been instituted in Article 16(4-A) by the words â€Å"SCs & STs†, itself precludes consideration of making reservation in promotion in favour of any other category of citizens. II. Constitutional Provisions The main objective of the Indian reservation system is to increase the opportunities for enhanced social and educational status (in the sense better than the previous — until it becomes equal to that enjoyed by an average member of other communities) of the underprivileged communities and, thus, enable them to take their rightful place in the mainstream of Indian society. The reservation system exists to provide opportunities for the members of the SCs and STs to increase their representation in the state Legislative, the Executive Organ of the Union (Centre) and States, the  labour force, schools, colleges, and other ‘public’ institutions. The exact necessities for the reservation in services in favour of the members of the SC/STs have been made in the Constitution of India. They are as follows: Article 15(4) and 16(4) of the Constitution enabled both the state and Central Governments to reserve seats in public services for the members of the SC and ST, thereby, enshrining impartiality of opportunity in matters of civic service. Article 15(4) states that: â€Å"Nothing in this Article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class or citizens, which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.† Article 16(4 A) states that: â€Å"Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provisions for reservation in the matter of promotion to any class or classes of posts in the services under the State in favour of SCs and STs which in the opinion of the State are not adequately represented under the State†(Constitutional 77th Amendment, – Act, 1995). Article 16 (4 B) states that: â€Å"Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from considering any unfilled vacancies of a year which are reserved for being filled up in that year in accordance with any provision for reservation made under clause (4) or clause (4A) as a separate class of vacancies to be filled up in any succeeding year or years and such class of vacancies shall not be considered together with the vacancies of the year in which they are being filled up for determining the ceiling of fifty percent reservation on total number of vacancies of that year† (Constitutional 81st Amendment, – Act, 2000). The Constitution prohibits discrimination (Article 15) of any citizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, etc.; untouchability (Article 17); and forced labour (Article 23). It provides for specific representation through reservation of seats for the SCs and the STs in the Parliament (Article 330) and in the State Legislative Assemblies (Article 332), as well as, in  Government and public sector jobs, in both the federal and state Governments (Articles 16(4), 330(4) and 335). (Sukhadeo Thorat and Chittaranjan Senapati 2006). III. Impact of reservation policy on employment and education As may be evident from the particulars in the earlier paragraphs, the strategy of reservation had a helpful effect in conditions of induction of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes into public sector employment and in educational institutions. However, their accessible share in employment and educational institutions still falls short of the target in certain categories of jobs and higher education. The target in the case of Groups D and C are close to the population mark of 15 per cent for scheduled castes and 7.5 % for scheduled tribes but fall short in Groups A and B. As against this, the true position regarding the representation of other backward classes in central services is not available. However, as stated in para 6.4, in the All India Services and central services for which employment is made through the Union Public Service Commission, representation of other backward classes is very near to their share. With the growth in the share of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in public services, it had positive multiple effects on the social and economic situation of these two disadvantaged groups. The data provided by the ministry of personnel indicates that in recent years the vacancies reserved for the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes are being filled fully even in the „elite‟ services at the centre. Reservation did not provide equal opportunities within each group/community to all beneficiaries. Consequently, different castes and tribes within a group/community have not benefited from reservation equally. Almost in all categories of beneficiaries among scheduled castes, scheduled tribes or other backward classes and minorities, there is a growing sense of deprivation amongst different categories, which is leading to internal dissension. For example*, in Punjab, the Valmiki Samaj is asking for a separate quota of reservations on the ground that Ramadasis and Mazbis have cornered the benefits. Likewise, Chamars in Uttar Pradesh and Mahars in  Maharashtra are said to have benefited from the reservations more than other castes identified in the schedule from these regions. Similar accusations have been made against the Meena community by other scheduled tribes. Problems of this kind are manifold in the case of other backward classes, as in each state there are dominant groups, usually with economic and political clout, who reap the benefits of reservations. There are Ezhavas in Kerala, Nadars and Thevars in Tamil Nadu, Vokkalligas and Lingayats in Karnataka, Lodhs and Koeris in Central India, Yadavs and Kurmis in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh and Jats in Rajasthan, which, despite their dominant status, have been clubbed as backward classes eligible for benefits under reservations. For these reasons, reservation has become a contentious issue today, more so when it is applied to other backward classes. Reservations alone are not enough to mainstream the SCs and the STs to the levels of the other sections of the society. The system of reservations meant to uplift the weaker sections, has in fact, succeeded in the creation of creamy layers within the marginalized social groups to the extent that the percolation of the benefits have been marginal and differentially accessed. The vision of Ambedkar, Phule, Periyar, and Sahuji Maharaj, as initially envisioned under the aegis of the reservation policy and reforms in the structure of governance was to completely negate the deleterious impacts of caste-based discrimination and exclusion. The idea was to create fissures in the hegemonic hold of the immutable status of the higher castes over public services. Therefore, the historicity of reservations included firstly, the amelioration in the relative position of the lower castes, and two, restructuring of the institutionalized social relationships in the Indian society on democratic lines. Instead of giving power/authority to less efficient candidate, reservation should provide better opportunity of study to weaker/backward section of the society to compete with unreserved class by way of offering more resources to the weaker class so that they could defeat the Generals.

Effects of the Ebola Virus essays

Effects of the Ebola Virus essays Throughout history a variety of deadly diseases have threatened mankind. Many diseases have the capability to spread fast and rapidly kill people. But with modern advances in medicine, man had defeated most of these deadly diseases and thought the threat was over. However, a shockingly new and deadly disease caused by the Ebola virus has challenged the medical community. The medical researchers of today cannot find a cure or vaccine to halt the spread of this pathogenic disease. The Ebola virus is a definite threat to mankind, and its symptoms have a devastating effect on the human body. The most recent outbreaks of Ebola were very deadly because the Ebola virus is a new disease. The initial outbreak was of an unknown origin in Zaire, Africa, during the year 1976. The medical community was unsure of how to handle Ebola, since it was the first recorded outbreak. This first outbreak in Zaire was followed by a second outbreak in western Sudan, also during the year 1976. In total, 340 people died from Ebola out of the 550 cases that were identified in these two nations ("Ebola History" N.pag.). Ebola was discovered again in 1995 in Kikwit, Zaire, when a victim infected an entire surgical team. Those infected developed symptoms of viral Hemorrhagic Fever disease. There were approximately 233 deaths out of the 293 cases caused by Ebola in 1995 ("Ebola History" N.pag.). Each of the separate Ebola outbreaks have killed many people. Therefore, it is imperative that all people of the world take great precaution so that another outbreak does not occur. The Ebola virus is a frightening disease. It is called Hemorrhagic Fever, which means it causes uncontrollable bleeding. When an outbreak occurs, it carries a 50% to 90% mortality rate ("Ebola Overview Virus" N.pag.). Ebola is a virus that travels in different organisms or hosts. The virus kills its present host while it tries to jump to a new host. When Ebola i...

Bansonyi essays

Bansonyi essays Sharon Matute October 24, 1999 Art 100 007 Professor Sax Art can be used to study the progression of a civilization through time. Art is usually used to express ones beliefs religiously, politically, and sometimes as a source of communication, which is accomplished through imagery. Symbols in works of art can be related to nature and myths.1 From the beginning of Chinese history, art and philosophy worked hand-in-hand with the creation of a work of art. Chinese art was used as evidence of a persons behavior and attitude towards nature and other beings (e.g. the nicer the painting the better the person.)2 During the seventh and eighth centuries Chinese art was at its peak. China at this time was under the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty. Because of the beautiful work being manufactured China became a multinational society. Paintings and sculptures were not the only works that China would receive admiration for. Their music and literature (poems which sometimes explained works of art) were also at their richest points,3 Tang art has incomparable vigor, realism, dignity... There is an optimism, an energy, a frank acceptance of tangible reality which gives the same character to all Tang art, whether it be the most splendid fresco from the hand of a master or the humblest tomb figurine made by the village potter. (Sullivan 160) When a piece of artistic work was considered good all that really mattered was the amount of effort that went into the piece and not the derivation of the persons economic class. Scarce materials were used very often in the creation of Chinese artifacts. One of the mot famous and revered stones used was Jade, which was very hard and indestructible. Jade cannot be found in China; it was traded with Burma, which is located on the outer edge of China, so it is amazing to know how much work was done with it in the 600 and 70 ...

Read either document 22-1President Woodrow Wilson Asks Congress for a Essay

Read either document 22-1President Woodrow Wilson Asks Congress for a Declaration of War or Eugene V. Debs Attacks Capitalist Warmongers - Essay Example It was the war between Central Powers consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Triple Entente composed of the Russian Empire, France and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which had become the World War I with the decision of the USA to support the Triple Entente. In this essay I will analyze the reasons behind such a decision of the American government within the context of similar decisions in favor of war that the USA waged in historical retrospective of a couple of decades preceding American participation in the World War I. After the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America announced on July 4, 1776 and final settlement of controversies between the States during the American Civil War that took place from 1861 to 1865, the American government started to work more closely on such issues as foreign policy. The geopolitical strategy of the United States was marked with expansionist aspirations at the end of the 19th century. These aspirations gained considerable popularity within the American society after the victory of the United States in Spanish-American War in 1898, which resulted in the decision of Spain to cede Philippines, which had once been Spanish colonies in the Pacific Ocean, to the United States. Neglecting the will of the nation of Philippines for independence from any foreign rule, the leaders of Spain and the USA signed the agreement that made Philippines a part of American sphere of influence, which led to Philippine-American war. It is important to understand the reas ons why the U. S. government decided to wage this war in foreign land and how the President of the USA justified this decision because, in my opinion, it was somewhat aligned with the reasons behind the decision of the American government to enter the World War I. When the Philippine-American war broke out, the public opinion in the USA as to the necessity to send American troops to Philippines was

Computer cables Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Computer cables - Essay Example signs of UTP cable interference include loss of cable data, current drainage, attenuation, corruption of data, and delays in signals (Faber & Rybinski, 2015). However, we can alleviate UTP cable interference by adopting wire  transposition and by balancing the cable, using media filters (Faber & Rybinski, 2015). Three prominent 802.11 wireless standards apply in various homes and businesses. The 802.11a wireless standard accommodates signals that broadcast on multiple frequencies (IEEE, 2015). 802.11a operates on a 5GHz range and a bandwidth of 54mbps. 802.11a is very expensive. The 802.11b  wireless standard operates 2.4GHz range and presents 11mbps of bandwidth (IEEE, 2015). It is cheaper than the 802.11a wireless standard. Additionally, 802.11g is the dominant 802.11 wireless standard and costs the same as 802.11b. Just like 802.11b, 802.11g standard operates in 2.4GHz range (IEEE, 2015). Notably, the 802.11g standard has two times the speed of 802.11a. Some common sources that interfere with these networks include reflected radio frequencies, radar signals, cordless phones, and Bluetooth interference. However, we can troubleshoot these wireless networks by looking for internet connections, and wireless network adapter (Walton, 2015). Walton, A. (2015). What Should You Check First When Troubleshooting Wireless Connectivity Issues? Chron. Retrieved from