Public Awareness And Knowledge Of Multiple Sclerosis

In order to examine public awareness and knowledge of multiple sclerosis, a small scale survey and personal interviews will be utilized. Part 1: Quantitative study The first study of the research project will use a quantitative approach to investigate public awareness. It will consist of a convenience sampling technique in which a survey will be given to an undergraduate class at Wilfrid Laurier University to obtain information regarding the public’s understanding of multiple sclerosis. Convenience sampling is the most logical approach for the quantitative study because finding individuals representative of the entire population would be difficult due to time constraints and lack of resources and would be beyond the scope of this research project. The undergraduate class chosen at random by Dr. Timothy Gawley and Dr. James LeClair will provide the optimal sample size of 80 to 100 individuals. The purpose of the quantitative study is to provide details on the general awareness of multiple sclerosis among a small sample of the undergraduate students at Wilfrid Laurier University. It will determine if public awareness is sufficient or highly inadequate in this group of individuals and if awareness programs would be beneficial. These results could also infer awareness patterns that may be present at a larger scale of the population and motivate larger magnitude studies to be completed. If similar results are seen in larger magnitude studies, it could encourage multipleShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also known as ALS or sometimes called Lou Gehrig’s Disease, is a progressive neurological disease affecting the nerves that control voluntary muscle movement. It is the most common type of motor neuron disease. The body isn’t able to operate as it normally does due to the muscles weakening overtime. As the disease progresses, it starts to damage nerves of other vital areas of the body. When the body isn’t able to breath the way it should causing respiratory failureRead MoreA Program For A Non Profit Telecommunications Company Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesMy undergraduate education has given me the ability to take on small tasks in the professional world as a Projects Coordinator for a non-profit telecommunications company. This company is young and has potential for growth, I believe the advanced knowledge of management theories and objectives will better equip me to evaluate proper growth strategies. Along with experience, academic advancement will help me to succeed beyond my current capabilities opening doors to higher levels of responsibilityRead MoreA Program For A Non Profit Telecommunications Company1019 Words   |  5 PagesMy undergraduate education has given me the ability to take on small tasks in the professional world as a Projects Coordinator for a non-profit telecommunications company. This company is young and has potential for growth, I believe the advanced knowledge of management theories and objectives will equip me to evaluate proper growth strategies. Along with experience, academic advancement will help me to succeed beyond my current capabilities, opening doors to higher levels of responsibility and compensationRead MorePowerpoint. Slide 2:. What Is Socio-Economic Status (Ses)?.1543 Words   |  7 Pagesindependent, catholic, public. 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I will provide knowledge of euthanasia and how the medical advances in technology and hospice can prevent the widespread of euthanasia. Main Idea#1- Euthanasia is harmful because it doesn’t allow people to see human life as sacred. The American Medical Association stronglyRead MoreBiogen Analysis7823 Words   |  32 Pages Biogen is a global biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Biogen is engaged in the research and development of biopharmaceuticals for human health care. Its main product is Avonex, a drug for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Eighty-two percent of its revenues in 2000 came from the sale of this sole product. Biogen is also involved in the research of drugs for psoriasis, Crohn s disease, congestive heart failure, and cancer. Biogen believes that its success isRead MoreThe Relationship Between Smoking And Public Health Essay2171 Words   |  9 PagesThis assignment analyses the relation between smoking and public health and how it makes an impact to individuals’ health and well-being. Smoking can be defined as the act of inhaling and exhaling of the smoke produced by the combustion of a component usually from a tobacco. The most common ways of smoking are in the form of cigarettes, cigars or pipes, electronic cigarettes and via shishas or hoo kahs (WHO, 2016). Although there are different ways of smoking, they all harm in the same way as theseRead MoreVitamin D Deficiency: A Major Cause of Concern in Ireland 2707 Words   |  11 Pagesa person’s Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level is less than 50 nmol/L they are considered deficient in Vitamin D. Insufficient amounts of Vitamin D has shown to increase the risk of many disease processes including cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, cancer, autoimmune disease, and diabetes as well as rickets, osteoporosis osteomalacia and osteoarthritis. Many people in Ireland are suffering from these diseases and many people are at a very high risk of developing one of these diseases

My Speech On The Geography Of India - 1708 Words

It was a warm December day and I woke up to get ready for school. Of course in India, the average temperature stays around 85 degrees Celsius in India, so I woke up in a puddle of sweat. As usual, morning chores had to be done before school. First came milking the cows and the goats. This was by far the hardest chore of the morning, due to the fact that I was always paranoid about getting kicked. After finishing up the chores, I got ready for school. I loved school because it allowed to free myself from the hard working life at home. My favorite was English. It allowed me to express myself in such a creative manner, that I could not simply illustrate with my words. Coming home from school that day, felt like I was on top of the work. I had†¦show more content†¦As soon as I heard this, I knew that my life was over. When I arrived in America, it seemed like something out of a lifestyle magazine. Everything was so much bigger and organized. Back in India, you could have 5 buildings all within 30 feet of each other. It was safe to say that India was the complete opposite of America. It was also safe to say that I hated every bit of this contrast. I remember walking into two Main West High school with my Uncle Raman for admission. Looking up, I could see the royal blue and gold school colors and warrior mascot, which represent the pride and tradition of the school. The schools were so much bigger and cleaner in America. Back in my village, my school consisted of one solid brick layered building with poorly maintained facilities. School was single-handedly the most difficult part of coming to America. It was hard due to the fact that I wasn’t familiar with the American lifestyle, also because I barely knew any English. The only language that I grew up with was Gujrati. This was the only langu age that I knew and grew up speaking. The language barrier led me to struggle with making any friends. People often made fun of me behind my back acting as if I did not understand their notions. As if making friends was hard enough, school work was impossible to comprehend. I often found myself staying up late trying to understand the homework, often being left frustrated because I was not able to understandShow MoreRelatedA Short Note On The And Language Co Exist Within One Society Or Community1597 Words   |  7 Pagessituation is in India, where there is a competition between the use of Hindi and English. This began nearly 175 years ago when Thomas Babington Macaulay proposed the Macaulay’s Minute, which was a document that enforced the language of English to be used as the â€Å"medium of education throughout India† (Pandit). Hindi would be used as a language for heritage and culture while English would be used for government, business, education and even entertai nment. Since gaining independence, India has struggledRead MoreTopic: The uncertain future of English as a global language1100 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: The uncertain future of English as a global language Rationale My written task is based on part one of the English course (Language in cultural context). I have chosen to do an article based on the future of English as a global language. I chose to do this because English today is gaining popularity worldwide, in certain cases influencing the syntax of other languages. In class we spent time discussing the effects of use of English language on a global front. That is when I realized, thatRead MoreWhat Are the Main Characteristics of ‘Emerging Markets’? Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesmeans they are undergoing a process. Kvint (2008) indicates that some statistics of reports on emerging market are contradictory, and this inconsistent situation even can be seen from IMF’s reports. 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In recentRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesdubiousness of slavery, and while I don’t support the institution, the eventual progress and industrialization of the western world would push slavery into the Northern-styled wage-slavery which exists in factories at this time, and eventually overseas to India and Pakistan, where it exists into the 21st century. Can society exist without slavery? Morally, I hope so. Pragmatically, I doubt it, but that is not the battle I’m fighting today. Besides, the loss of 600,000 lives and copious casualties coupledRead MoreJapanese Automakers in the U.S. Economy Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesworked for Honda as a parts counter professional for two years and my brother has been an automotive service technician for almost four years now. Its a great company to work for. Even though Hondas are some of the most popular cars in America, I can assure you that the other automakers arent going bankrupt. 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Despotism is possible in a— (A) One party state (B) Two party state (C) Multi party state (D) Two and multi party state Ans : (A) 3. Marx belonged to— (A) Germany (B) Holland (C) France (D) Britain Ans : (A) 4. Which one of the following is the guardian of Fundamental Rights ? (A) Legislature (B) ExecutiveRead MoreCommunication Style and Cultural Features in High/Low Context Communication Cultures : a Case Study of Finland, Japan and India5045 Words   |  21 PagesCommunication Style and Cultural Features in High/Low Context Communication Cultures: A Case Study of Finland, Japan and India Shoji Nishimura1, Anne Nevgi2 and Seppo Tella3 1 Waseda University, Japan 2 Department of Education, University of Helsinki 3 Department of Applied Sciences of Education, University of Helsinki Abstract People from different countries communicate in ways that often lead to misunder-standings. Our argument, based on Hall’s theory of high/low context cultures (1959, 1966

Effects Hotels for Employees and Employers †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is The Hotels Effects In Employees And Employers? Answer: Introducation The scenario of hotel of UK has been changed in past few years. It has undergone several changes (Podsiadlowski et al. 2013). It has led the organizations to face many challenges. The organizational employees in hotel often faces various challenges in their workplace (Stohl, Stohl and Leonardi 2016). The hotel authorities have concentrated on reducing cost, identifying the requirement of the customers and providing flawless service to the consumers. The given case study the Under the clean surface: working as a hotel attendant written by Helena Lundber and Jan Ch Karlsson has provided a vivid picture of a hotel and the employees of the organization. It has presented aspect of its staff members and other employees. It has discussed about some key managing people issues, such as- The pressure in the workplace has risen in past few decades (Tallman and Koza 2016). According to the hotel staff members, it has become very tough to run the organization as a staff members as the immense pressure has led her to face various challenges in the personal and professional life. Although nothing is written in the rulebook of the organization, she works in the hotel about sixty hours a week. While she has shortage of staffs, she works for seven days a week. This is one of the major issues faced by worker of retail hotels as well. This has been stated in one of the article called The demands and challenges of being a retail hotel staff members: Handcuffed to the front doors. This long hours culture is harmful for the health of the staffs as well as staff members. Many workers are suffering from various health issues (Thamhain 2013). The staff member has stated that she has taken a long break for one year as she was suffering from massive health issues. As opined by the Fio na the writer of the The demands and challenges of being a retail hotel staff members: Handcuffed to the front doors , to meet the increasing demand of the customers the organizational authority has adopted seven days work policy. It has become very hard for the employees to deal with this situation. Moreover, the company does not pay any extra provision like, sick leave or incentives. This is one of the discouraging factors of the hotels and retail hotels. The hotel staff members Fiona had once cancelled her holiday plan and come down to the tore to perform her job (Morse, Babcock and Murthy 2014). Shortage of staffs is another crucial issue experienced by the hotels. Very few people prefer to work in this sort of tough schedule (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). It has become very tough for the employees of the retails hotels to maintain balance in the personal and professional life. Many women who work in the hotel are married and many of them have kids as well. It is not possible for them to works for sixty hours a week. Although, according to the rulebook of the retail hotel every employee must work for 45 hours a week, not more than that, but the real story is different. The employees are expected to cover the gap of absent employees. It is not always possible for the staff to ignore their family life and fill the gap of other employees. Due to firm and rigid organizational rule, the organizational management fails to retain employee for a long period of time. The organizational management does not offer any kind of reward system or any other provision to its employees. It leads the employees to resign from their position within a short span of time. The Hotel does not have any permanent security guard. This is one of the major issues of managing people with the retail hotel. The staffs of the retails hotels have experienced various issues like threatened by hooligans, abuse by local goons (Toyoki and Brown 2014). The girls of the hotels deal with various social obstacles. However, the higher authority of the hotel does not pay much attention on the issue. It is important for every business organization to ensure the security of the employees. Employees are the key element of every organization. They are considered as the biggest contributor to achieve the organizational target. It is important for the organizational management to ensure safety of their staffs. Many staff member of the organization are unwilling to work in the hotel due to this negligence of the organizational authority. As opined by Fiona it has become very tough for her to deal with such obstacles. According to Fiona, local people often assault the young girl o f the hotel. Lack of security is not only harmful for the employees; it is harmful for the stocks of the hotel as well. Negligence of the organizational authority is another major issue frequently faced by the staff members of the Hotel. One of the writer of the case study Fiona has stated that once her area staff members used to bully her. Although she has filled compliant against her staff members for several times, the organizational authority has ignored her issue. This has led Fiona to undergo various mental and physical issues (Levn, Holmstrm and Mathiassen 2014). The cleaner staffs have faced humiliations for many times. Although they have complained for many times, the higher authority has not paid much attention to it. They have not taken any steps to deal with the situation. This is one of the major discouraging factor of the organization. Positive Effects of the Hotels for the Employees and Employers: There are some positive effects of the hotel on its employees and employers, such as- According to the hotel staff members Fiona the salary of the hotel is lucrative. The organizational authority pays high salary to their employee which is highly beneficial for the employees. It draws the attention of a large number of job seekers. It is important for every business organization to remunerate its employees in an appropriate manner. It helps the organization to retain employees for a long period of time. It is one of the major reasons for the employees of Hotel to choose the organization for their career. According to the hotel staff members Fiona, this is one of the major reasons for which she has chosen Hotel to start her career. The principles, ethics and policies of the organization are also very transparent. The organizational management does not make any false promise. It accomplishes all the promise it makes. As opined by the hotel staff members Fiona, no other retailer will be able to maintain that much transparency like Hotel. By providing high remuneration the employers have managed to retain loyal and efficient employee like- Fiona. It is highly beneficial for the growth of the organization to preserve employees who are committed towards the organization (Tjosvold, Wong and Feng Chen 2014). It influences the commitment of the employees towards the organization and helps the organization to provide uninterrupted service to their consumers. Transparent relation with the employees helps the organizational authority to maintain reputation among the employees and helps the organizational management to prevent many obstacles like labor strike, company lock out. Negative Impacts of the Hotel on the Employees and Employers: There are various negative impact of the organizational structure of Hotel on the life of employees and employer, such as- Due to lack of free time the employees often face challenge to maintain the balance between the family and workplace. The female employees, who are married, have family and kids often face this issue. It has become very hard for the employees to continue their job. Due to high work pressure in the workplace and long hours work, employees often fall sick. They suffer from various health issues like depression, stress and many other health issues. As stated by the hotel staff members Fiona, she had taken a long break of one year to overcome from the depression. She has stated further that the employees of the hotel often suffer from stress and anxiety due to excessive work pressure and sometime bully by the higher authority. The female employees often face physical and verbal assault from the local hooligans. They suffer from mental stress due to such occurrences. Although Hotel provides high salary to its staff and try to maintain transparency with the employees, there are some loopholes in the organizational structure of the Hotel, such as- negligence, no sick leave or extra leave. This has led the employees to resign from their post. This puts a negative impact on the employer as well. The employer fails to retain the loyal employees for a very long time. There is always a shortage of staff in the organization which is harmful for the organization to ensure the growth of the organization and match the expectation level of the consumers. In this competitive era, it is important for every business organization to provide uninterrupted service to the consumers to remain the favorite brand of the consumers. However, Hotel often faces difficulties to beat its rivals and remain in the competition (Lupton and Warren 2016). It has been experienced by both employees and employers. Due to such negligence of the organizational authority employees often suffer from various mental and physical issues. This leads the organization to face labor crisis often which is harmful for the organization. The positive impact of Hotel is also experienced by the employees. According to the hotel staff members Fiona, the ethics and principles of Hotel is important for the organizational authority. Both negative and positive impact of Hotel is consistent (Van Der Vegt et al. 2015). As opined by the hotel staff members apart from various flaws, ethics and principles of Hotel is important for the organizational authority. It helps the organizational management to avoid any kind of unethical or unlawful practices. The negative impacts are also consistent. The organizational authority has not taken any steps to resolve the issues of the employees. Eventually the organizational authority has failed to resolve their issues as well (Guillaume et al. 2014). Academic Research: After going through the whole case study which is also a research paper, it can be stated that although, UK has adopted many new policies to influence the hotels of UK, there are many loopholes in the organizational structure of the hotels (Doherty, Haugh and Lyon 2014). The growth of the hotels has put a significant impact on the financial infrastructure of United Kingdom. hotels have undergone various modifications in last few years. It has implemented many new techniques to reduce the production cost and understand the market demand and achieve the desired position in the industry. However, there are some flaws remain in the organizational structure, such as security issues of the employees, lack of performance appraisal and reward system in the organizational structure, lack of leave policy and so on. Due to weak organizational policies employees often faces various obstacles in their workplace. Many hotels does not offer sufficient leaves to their employees to take rest or over come health issues (Odaga et al. 2014). This is not only harmful for the employees but also for the future of the hotels. The employees of the hotels of UK often switch their job. This has led the organization to face various issues like shortage of staff, low productivity and lack of profitability. Many organizational authorities do not pay much attention to the safety issue of their employees which is harmful for the organizational development (Galliers and Leidner 2014). It is not suitable for the brand image of the business organization. It is important for every organizational management to maintain healthy relation with the internal stakeholders to run any business organization successfully. They play the most crucial role in the development of the organization. It is the responsibility of the organizational management to ensure safety of the employees. Many employees of UK hotels often face security issues in their workplace (Choi and Rainey 2014). They often experience bully and humiliation in their workplace as well as they suffer from various kinds of verbal and physical assault from the goons. The security of the hotelss is also at stake. This may lead the hotelss to face an awful consequence in future. Due to increasing demand of the consumers and market competition, the duty of the hotel staff memberss and other employees of the hotelss have become very much stressful. This leads the employees to go through various health issues. Due to lack of physical fitness, the employees of the hotels now a days fail to give their best performance to achieve organizational target. This has restricted the growth of the hotelss to some extent. Recommendations: To ensure the development of Hotel, the organizational management of the organization must adopt three most efficient changes which will be beneficial for the employee and employers both, such as: Security: Employees are considered as one of the pillar of the organization. The organizational management of every business organization must ensure the security of the employees. It fosters employees performance (Zhang et al. 2014). It provides a sense of importance among the employees which increases the commitment level of the organization towards the organization. It improves the performance quality of the employees as well as the organization. In order to achieve the desired target, it is one of the major responsibilities of the organizational authority to provide a safety and healthy atmosphere to the employees. Hence, they can actively participate in establishing a bright future of the organization. Organizational safety is not only required for the employees, it is beneficial for the organization as well. High security is always required in an organization to protect its assets from thieves and goons. As per the given case study it can be stated that UKs hotels Hotel must appoint resp onsible and efficient security person to ensure security of the employees as well as the organization. They must provide extra security to their female employees to avoid issues like physical assault, verbal abuse which is harmful for the brand image of the organization. Employee security is an integral part of the organizational strategy. The organizational management of Hotel must pay close attention to the fact (Brillo et al. 2015). Organizational Policy: The organizational management must strengthen their leave policy for the employees. They must include some sick leave policy into their rulebook (Bridges and Bridges 2017). It is no possible for the employees to work for 60 hours in a week and the work of the employees in the hotels has become very much stressful. This has led the employee to suffer from various mental and physical issues. It is the responsibility of the organizational management to offer some extra leave to their employees to overcome their health issues and take rest so they can participate in the organizational function more actively. As per the given case study, it can be stated the organizational management of Hotele does not offer sick leave or casual leave to their employees. This is harmful for the employees mental and physical health as well as for the organizational development. Due to illness, the focus of the employees has been shifted from the work. This is harmful for the growth of productivity of the o rganization. The organizational management must provide some extra leave to their employee to help them to maintain balance between their professional and personal life. The employees who have kids or married require some extra leaves to spend quality time to their family as well. The organizational management must consider the fact while establishing organizational policy. They must construct their organizational policy in such a manner so their employees can balance their personal and professional life and actively participate in the organizational function (Thamhain 2013). This is beneficial for the organizational growth as it will enhance the potentiality of the employees and help the organization to put a strong footprint in the industry. To ensure the development of the organization, the management must maintain healthy relation with the employees (Arora 2015). By providing extra leave, the organizational management of Hotel will be able to maintain healthy and transparent rel ation with the staff members. Eventually Hotel will be able to obtain desired position in the industry, earn huge profit and beat other rival companies. It is evident in the given case study that organizational management of Hotel neglect the issues related to employees like bullying in the work place, humiliation and physical and verbal abuse. The organizational management must strengthen their policy to resolve these issues of the employees, as this issues are highly responsible to destroy the brand image of an organization. The organizational management of Hotel must avoid these issues for establishing a bright future for the organization. The organizational management must incorporate some effective policy like zero tolerance, work place violation. The organizational management must explain the punishment that can be faced by the employees for violating these policies (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Communication: Organizational management must maintain a healthy and interactive relation with the employees. They must establish a strong bonding with the employees by communicating with them on various issues. The organizational management must provide a strong platform to the employees to share their views over an issue. The organizational management must listen to all the complaints of the employees, identify the loophole in the organizational structure and try to resolve those issues as early as possible (Al Ariss, Cascio and Paauwe 2014). This will help the organization to strengthen the bonding between the employees and organizational management and increase the dedication of the employees towards the organization. It is evident in the given case study that the organizational management of the Hotel does not pay much attention to the complaints of their employees which leads the organization to face various obstacles like shortage of worker, lack of dedicated and efficient worker, low produc tivity. The organizational management must use some innovative and new communication tools to interact with the employees. Thus, they can share their vision, objectives with the employees and explain new changes that organization requires. On the other hand, employees can share their issues with the management. This will be helpful for the organizational management to identify their responsibility areas where they need to put more efforts to improve organizational structure as well as enhance the performance quality of the employees. In this competitive era, it has become very important for every business organization to maintain healthy relation with the employees as they play a crucial role in organizational development. Hotel must adopt some new techniques to resolve the issues that their employees are often facing. The use of effective communication tools like group discussion, blog, intranet and podcast will be helpful for the organizational management to retain employees for l ong time by communicating with them and resolving their issues (Aithal and Kumar 2016). Reference: Aithal, P.S. and Kumar, P.M., 2016. Organizational Behaviour in 21st Century'Theory A'for Managing People for Performance. Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W.F. and Paauwe, J., 2014. Talent management: Current theories and future research directions.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.173-179. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Arora, H.N., 2015. Managing people through management process based on indian culture philosophy and values a study of change management through value based leadership. Bridges, W. and Bridges, S., 2017.Managing transitions: Making the most of change. Da Capo Press. Brillo, J., Kawamura, K.M., Dolan, S.L. and Fernndez-i-Marn, X., 2015. Managing by Sustainable Innovational Values (MSIV): An Asymmetrical Culture Reengineering Model of Values Embedding User Innovators and User Entrepreneurs.Journal of Management and Sustainability,5(3), p.61. Choi, S. and Rainey, H.G., 2014. Organizational fairness and diversity management in public organizations: Does fairness matter in managing diversity?.Review of Public Personnel Administration,34(4), pp.307-331. Doherty, B., Haugh, H. and Lyon, F., 2014. Social enterprises as hybrid organizations: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,16(4), pp.417-436. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Guillaume, Y.R., Dawson, J.F., Priola, V., Sacramento, C.A., Woods, S.A., Higson, H.E., Budhwar, P.S. and West, M.A., 2014. Managing diversity in organizations: An integrative model and agenda for future research.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,23(5), pp.783-802. Levn, P., Holmstrm, J. and Mathiassen, L., 2014. Managing research and innovation networks: Evidence from a government sponsored cross-industry program.Research Policy,43(1), pp.156-168. Lupton, B. and Warren, R., 2016. Managing Without Blame? Insights from the Philosophy of Blame.Journal of Business Ethics, pp.1-12. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Morse, L.C., Babcock, D.L. and Murthy, M., 2014.Managing engineering and technology. Pearson. Odaga, J., Sinclair, D., Lokong, J.A., Donegan, S., Hopkins, H. and Garner, P., 2014. Rapid diagnostic tests versus clinical diagnosis for managing people with fever in malaria endemic settings.The Cochrane Library. Podsiadlowski, A., Grschke, D., Kogler, M., Springer, C. and Van Der Zee, K., 2013. Managing a culturally diverse workforce: Diversity perspectives in organizations.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,37(2), pp.159-175. Stohl, C., Stohl, M. and Leonardi, P.M., 2016. Digital age| managing opacity: Information visibility and the paradox of transparency in the digital age.International Journal of Communication,10, p.15. Tallman, S. and Koza, M.P., 2016. Strategic Animation and Emergent Processes: Managing for Efficiency and Innovation in Globally Networked Organizations. 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Shintoism Essays - Religion, Shinto, Kami, Religion In Japan, Miko

Shintoism Shinto, which means the way of the gods, has no real founder, no written scriptures, no main laws, and only a very loosely organized priesthood. Shinto is a native religion of Japan and also one of the oldest religions in the world, dated back to 660 B.C. In Shinto natural objects such as rivers, mountains, and heavenly bodies can be worshipped and personified. It is not an exclusive religion and people may practice Shinto and at the same time any other religions. Shinto creation stories tell about the history and lives of the Kami, which is a spirit. There was a divine couple, Izanagi-no-mikoto and Izanami-no-mikito, who were known as giving birth to the Japanese islands. One of their daughters, Amaterasu (Sun Goddess), is the ancestress of the Imperial family. Her descendants unified the country. It is known that there are 8 million gods and goddesses, but others have been added. Also, according to Piggot, The attendants who accompanied the Beloved Grandson, Ninigi, to Kyushu from the Celestial Plains became Shinto priests. (38) In Shinto ancestors are deeply valued and worshipped. All of humankind is believed to be Kamis child. Believers value musuhi, which is the Kamis creative and harmonizing powers. The Shinto believers seek to have makoto, which is to have true heart. Shintoism has no definite set of theological beliefs or code of morality. As Motoori explains, It is because the Japanese were truly moral in their practices they require no theory of morals. Morality and theology was believed to be naturalistic. According to Juliet Piggot, Early Shinto did not preach moral codes, follow the genuine impulses of your heart was the core of the teaching, coupled with obedience to the Emperor. (38) Through the combination of Shinto and Confucianism the warrior code of bushido developed. The warriors who followed the code of bushido emphasized the importance of loyalty, gratitude, courage, justice, truthfulness, politeness, reserve, honor, and mental and bodily discipline. When a Bushido warrior was dishonored, he was expected to kill himself by hara-kiri. Worship in Shinto is to express gratitude to the gods and to secure their honor. During certain times of the year, large festivals take place to worship events such as spring planting, the fall harvest or to celebrate historical events. Some festivals may last for a few days. During a Shinto festival, people wearing special dresses carry the kami through the streets in palanquins. Decorated floats accompany them, where people play the drum, flute and other traditional Japanese instruments. However, some celebrations may be celebrated more privately at home or at a neighborhood shrine. Shrines are places of worship and dwelling of the Shinto gods. Inside a shrine there are sacred symbols that represent the kami, and are located in the innermost part where they cannot be seen. People visit the shrines to pray for such things as good fortune and to turn away evil spirits. The common way to pray at a shrine is to first purify your self by cleaning your hands and mouth with clean water. Then throw a small offering, such as a coin, in to the box in front of the sanctuary. Then bow twice deeply, clap your hands twice, bow deeply once more and pray for a few seconds. If you are sick, or have an open wound, or are mourning you are not supposed to visit the shrine. These things are considered to be impure. The word affirmation, which means things we agree are good, is used to describe the basic beliefs of Shinto. In Shinto there are The Four Affirmations that are: Tradition and the family- Family is extremely important because traditions are passed down through families. The main celebrations are birth and marriage. Love of nature- Being in contact with nature brings you closer to the gods. Natural objects are worshipped as sacred spirits. Physical cleanliness- The Japanese often take baths, wash their hands, and rinse out their mouth. Someone who is dirty is ugly and cannot be in the presence of the spirits. Matsuri- It is a festival, which honors the spirits. It is when people and spirits come together and enjoy each others company. Presently there are thirteen Shinto sects that are brought into five major