Analysis Of Presidential Leadership During Times Of Crisis...

An analysis of presidential leadership during times of crisis and disaster reveals that the presidential role of leadership is tested in different aspects. These aspects range from natural disasters to other federal funded emergencies. The outcome of that disaster is depended on the president’s leadership capabilities. 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina were catalysts for the analysis of presidential leadership and management within the Bush Administration. This analysis brought about great criticism and failures of the United States governments sluggish response to act during a time of crisis. There are federal government policies in places for events like 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina. To gain a clear understanding of presidential leadership, one must analyze how a president should lead, govern federal administrators, manage the media, address federal-state affairs, set the limitations of military-civil affairs, and outline their policy plans (Sylves 2006). Disasters are not exempt fro m political attributes (Cohen Werker 2008). Political factors may clarify much of federal disaster assistance (Garrett Sobel 2003). A federal disaster declaration approval allows a president the chance to influence and form public policy (Sylves 2006). Election aspects impact whether a president declares an area is approved for a disaster declaration (Cohen Werker 2008). Public policy must be analyzed in order to gain a clearer understanding of presidential leadership during Hurricane KatrinaShow MoreRelatedFour Phases of Emergency Management1976 Words   |  8 PagesMitigation Over the last decade the social and economic costs of disasters to the United States, and throughout the World have grown significantly. During the 1990’s, FEMA spent over $25.4 billion to provide disaster assistance in the United States. During that decade, the economic toll of natural disasters, world wide, topped $608 billion. This amounted to more than the previous four decades combined. The causes of this increase in disaster consequences are myriad. Climatalogical changes such as ElRead MorePresidential Greatness-Fdr4850 Words   |  20 PagesPresidential Greatness: An Analysis of FDR’s Presidency Presidential greatness has many aspects, but it primarily means demonstrating effective, inspiring, visionary, and transformational leadership in times of great challenge and crisis. There have been many effective presidents, but there have only been a few great presidents because simply being effective and successful does not make one a great president. The distinction between presidential effectiveness and presidential greatness isRead MoreEssay on Hurricane Katrina: Two Disasters2020 Words   |  9 PagesHurricane Katrina: Two Disasters From the Frontline Film, The Old Man and The Storm, the life of Herbert Gettridge was followed after he returned to the 9th Ward of New Orleans to rebuild his home after it was destroyed in Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. After Hurricane Katrina, 500,000 families were displaced, 200,000 homes were destroyed, and 600 congregations were demolished (The Old Man and The Storm). This was a natural disaster of monumental proportions. Ironically though, a mock scenarioRead MoreFema And The Federal Emergency Management Agency4711 Words   |  19 PagesManagement Agency.†1.Year in and out, a disaster can strike at any moment and put millions of people in danger and wreck billions of dollars’ worth of property. But, this is where the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) steps in and up to the plate. FEMA works â€Å"as part of a team helping communities reduce their risk, helping emergency officials prepare for all hazards, and helping people get back on their feet after their lives are disrupted by a disaster.†2 FEMA’s primary focus is to coordinateRead MoreMichael D. Brown and Emergency Management Essay5077 Words   |  21 PagesEnvironmental effects 7 Criticisms 8 The Strength of FEMA 11 1. Reduce the redundancies: 11 2. Disaster assistance 11 3. Various programs 12 The Weakness of FEMA 12 1. Vague role definition 12 2. Staffing problems 13 3. Problem with motivation 14 4. Absorption into DHS 14 5. Problematic strategies 16 6. Poor communication 16 7. Public relation 17 The Proposed Change 18 1. Competent leadership 18 2. Conflict management 19 3. Communication 19 4. Structural change 20 5. Monitor employeeRead MoreBay of Pigs and Realism1563 Words   |  7 PagesA Perfect Disaster: The Bay of Pigs Invasion and Realism D-Day, April 17, 1960; Brigade 2506 lands in the Bay of Pigs, a small beach in southern Cuba. Backed by former president Dwight Eisenhower, endorsed by current president John F. Kennedy, and masterminded by the Central Intelligence Agency, the plan to overthrow Fidel Castro, Prime Minister of Cuba, had been months in the making (Dunne 1). By the summer of 1959, as former Cuban leader Fulgencio Batista was overtaken by Castro, charges of communistRead MoreAspect Of The Us Technology Management System Essay2484 Words   |  10 PagesEmergence Management System Name Institution A disaster refers to an unintended occurrence that causes the needs of the affected community to overshadow the available resources. Disasters vary in size, scope, and context and they occur daily in several parts of the world. However, large-scale disasters that result in mass casualties and destruction of infrastructure are unusual and rare events. In the United States of America, widely publicized disasters such as the terrorist attacks on 9/11 as wellRead MoreBiographies Of Donald Trump s Life Essay2255 Words   |  10 Pagesafter he finished college, he took over his father’s real estate company. He renamed the company the Trump Organization. As he was very involved in economics, he would buy many pieces of land and create buildings, mostly in the Manhattan area. Often times, Trump’s business methods and actions have been called into question. For example, in 1973, he was called into question because some of his tenants complained about discrimination towards them by Donald. Another scandal that he has been brought intoRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder Capital6173 Words   |  25 PagesManagement of Stakeholder Capital in Philippine Conglomerates Serafin D. Talisayon Fifth International Research Workshop on Asian Business Singapore Management University, Singapore 13 April 2009 Abstract The paper adopts a social benefit-cost analysis framework to look at three stages in the historical development of management of stakeholder capital of corporations in the Philippines. The first two stages were government-driven. Stage One is internalization and moderation of some social costsRead MoreAbstract: Strategic Contingency Planning23625 Words   |  95 Pagesmainly done on an operational or tactical level. Current thinking suggests that contingency planning should be an active part of organizations’ overall strategic planning processes as well. Organizations will ultimately be better prepared for future disasters and crises. STRATEGIC CONTINGENCY PLANNING A THESIS Presented to the Professional Studies Department California State University, Long Beach In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in

Leadership, Communication, And Problem Solving Career Center

Eight Weeks that Changed My Life Deciding to go back to college was simple, just a few years of some college classes and I would have that ever elusive Bachelor’s degree – my first eight weeks of college, not as simple! Learning the materials taught in my courses has not only provided me with information about leadership, organizations and information technology, it has taught me so much about myself that I am changing my degree and career goals in order to find a career path that focuses on my strengths in leadership, communication and problem solving. Career Center Resources CSU Globals extensive Career Center offers many valuable resources to their students. Their Job Center, located within the Career Center provides students with†¦show more content†¦Taking and researching the Meyers-Briggs personality test has absolutely changed my life in many ways. Most drastically is the shift I have made from pursuing a Management Information Sciences and Business Analytics Degree, to a Business Management with HR specialization degree. I have always been highly driven by aspiration and very eager to realize it, however I never had the ability to identify the strategy for accomplishing my success (Krishna, 2014). Working inside the Career Center and exploring the tools provided to me provides, perhaps for the first time in my life, the tools necessary to become successful. Throughout my life, my careers have been based on what was offered to me, instead of what I was seeking. Understanding that as an ENTP I am able to adapt to most situations, quickly master new concepts and all while building meaningful relationships, helped me to see that just because I am really good at a particular task does not mean I should do it as a full time career. The boredom I will inevitably experience along with the day to day detailed tasked that will pile up may cause me to lose focus and eliminate me from being as successful as possible. As long as I stay honest with myself about my strengths and weaknesses, instead of trying t o handle everything, I will thrive in any career that is in need of a new way of thinking (16 Personalities, 2015). The Path to CSU Global In January of 2010 I moved from the state of

Theoretical Perspectives on Reading Instruction Essays

Introduction Since the reading movements of the 1980’s and 1990’s, many different theoretical perspectives on teaching reading have been proposed. This paper will examine and discuss major themes, issues, and influences derived from theoretical perspectives on reading instruction that have been proposed since the 1980’s. This paper will also examine four articles related to themes and issues taken from the State University library about reading instruction. The author will relay these articles from the library; to current classroom and personal experiences. Research in Learning Style and Reading: Implications for Instruction The first article that we will examine is by Marie Carbo and entitled, â€Å"Research in Learning†¦show more content†¦Carbo also brings out that included in the environmental preferences educators should take in account of the classroom’s formal (hard chairs, desks, etc) or informal, (sofa, pillows, rugs, etc) design which can affect a students’ learning either positively or negatively in the classroom. Perceptual strengths preferences are explained by Carbo as when, â€Å"Students learn new material through their strongest modality with reinforcement being provided through the students’ second strongest modality† (1984). Carbo believes that reading should be taught to students using a large array of multi-sensory devices that include the use of games, books on tapes, filmstrips, word and letter cards made from sandpaper, beads, etc. Under the perceptual development heading; the article brings out that young children are more tactile/kinesthetic/visual learners and that students at this stage learns best with the use of â€Å"holistic† reading instructions. According to Carbo research on comparisons across grade levels students in lower grade levels should have ample opportunities for movement and intake during reading instructions, while older students may prefer to work more independently using newspapers, magazines, trade books, etc. Carbo research of comparisons across achievement levels, also found that students that were poor readers may require clearer directions, immediate feedback, moreShow MoreRelatedPhonemic : Phonemic Awareness And Phonics1400 Words   |  6 PagesPhonemic awareness and phonics are the two reading components that I examined for the Triangulated Analysis project. Phonemic awareness is a subset of phonological awareness and refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in spoken words. Phonemic awareness is the recognition that spoken words are made up of individual sounds, as well as and the ability to make those sounds. Young learners who acquire this ability are able to hear rhyming words and blend them together. Moreover, phonemicRead MoreStudents Are Not College And Career Ready Nationally1441 Words   |  6 PagesSection 1: Introduction to the Study Students are not college and career ready nationally and this is more than likely attributed to low reading abilities. This is an on-going problem that needs immediate attention. It is not a new problem but because of the advance changes and the technology driven mind of the 21st century we have a gap in our educational system. Introduction The probablilty of students struggling to become fluent readers is evident as early as prek which gives an insight onRead MoreExample Of The Three Theoretical Perspectives Of Sociology1044 Words   |  5 Pages Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Nanesha Greathouse HCC Abstract This paper describes the three major theoretical perspectives in Sociology: symbolic interactionism, functionalism and conflict theory. Sociologists developed these theoretical perspectives to help explain the way individuals conduct themselves and to help us to gain a better understanding of the world around us. Throughout this paper, the reader will learn about each perspective and its origin as well as additionalRead MoreElementary School Classroom Reading Programs784 Words   |  4 Pageselementary school classroom reading programs that promote the reading growth of students with reading difficulties? What are the strengths of these programs and how can these strengths be used to help educators design or implement other effective reading programs? The article discusses six classroom programs that help improve reading in struggling students. The researcher’s intention with writing the article was to help other teachers and educators in implementing their own reading progra ms. The six elementaryRead MorePursuing A Master s Degree964 Words   |  4 Pagesreflects the interdisciplinary nature of our field. As one example, I concurrently completed two experimental learning opportunities that infused critical theories into my reading, writing, dialectic exchanges, and practice: an Independent Study on Critical Perspectives in Library and Information Studies and a Library Instruction Practicum at Georgetown University’s Lauinger Library. I have also pursued two cognate courses in Catholic’s MSW and MA Sociology programs: Community Organizing for EquitableRead MoreThe Beliefs And Practices Of Reading Instruction Of 30 Kindergarten Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesI. Research Description This article investigates the beliefs and practices in reading instruction of 30 kindergarten through third grade teachers in the suburban school district of Decatur, Georgia. Five different hypotheses were formed beforehand and tested with the results of the study. Based upon the results, participants were more whole-language oriented in philosophy and used more whole-language practices than phonics practices. The study was also able to find that the curriculum was not aRead MoreAn Investigation With A Non Native Speaker1629 Words   |  7 PagesIn this case study, the candidate does not have formal English language instruction yet his interview reveals that the process whereby he is learning English is congruent with theoretical evidence that supports current methods. Procedure In order to prepare for the interview, 44 questions were created (see Appendix C). Prior to developing the questions six categories were developed in an attempt to identify the theoretical approaches that align with the learner s; characteristics/style, learningRead MoreReading Is Important For Studentssuccess1242 Words   |  5 PagesReading is fundamental to function in the society. It is important because it develops the mind. Reading develops language skills and comprehension needed to meet the demands of everyday life. In the U.S., there are 45 million people functionally illiterate and reads below 5th grade level (Literacy Project Foundation, n.d.). Books, magazines, comics, newspapers, and resources from the internet are reading outlets wherein they are required the capacity to read and comprehend the content. TeachersRead MoreThe Bystander Effect On Social Psychology1077 Words   |  5 Pagesintervention in emergencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1968, 10, 215-221. Hypothesis and Specific Aims: What idea does that research give you that you want to check out? In other words, state your hypothesis, including your theoretical IV and DV. It should be clear how this is different from what is already known. The hypothesis for this experiment was: Do our emotions specifically those of empathy or personal distress, interfere with our actions in a given situation? It was discoveredRead MoreThe Observation Of The Bystander Effect1079 Words   |  5 Pagesintervention in emergencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1968, 10, 215-221. Hypothesis and Specific Aims: What idea does that research give you that you want to check out? In other words, state your hypothesis, including your theoretical IV and DV. It should be clear how this is different from what is already known. The hypothesis for this experiment was: Do our emotions specifically those of empathy or personal distress, interfere with our actions in a given situation? It was discovered

Designing A Perfectly Executed Business Plan - 932 Words

You have to crawl before you can walk. Think of your business plan as that essential stage prior to taking your first step. A perfectly executed business plan provides your business a solid foundation and without it you’re likely to fall flat on your face. That’s the bad news. The good news, the BEST news is that once you have created it, it becomes an invaluable guide to every aspect of your business. While it’s true that trying to secure funding through traditional loans, grants, private placement offerings, or venture capitalists makes having a business plan an absolute necessity, it shouldn’t be viewed as just another tedious task to check off your list. In reality and according to the SBA website, â€Å" a properly executed business plan†¦show more content†¦This section articulates what your company is, what purpose it serves, where it is now, where you are going, and why (in your opinion) you are going to be successful. This section is al so your opportunity to grab the interest of potential investors so the narrative needs to be engaging enough for them to want to read on. While this should be the first section of your business plan, most experts agree it should be written last. Why? Because its purpose is to highlight the key components of your entire plan. What are those key components? At the very least it should include: Your mission statement, company information (the founders and their roles, number of employees, business location), growth highlights, a basic description of your products and services, financial information, and a projection of future plans. Much of this information will likely need to be updated regularly as your company grows and changes and possibly even before you complete the writing of your plan. Keep it tight, concise and accurate. 2. Company Description: This is a review of your company at a much higher level so be certain to hit all the various elements of your business to help investors grasp the goal and concept of what you are trying to achieve quickly. Make sure to include your demographic, competition, and your value proposition. 3. Products And Services: Sell, sell, sell! This is the section where you sell not only your business concept but also yourself, and your team

Modern Day Feminism The Fight For Equal Rights - 1589 Words

Modern-day Feminism The definition of feminism states â€Å"the belief that men and woman should have equal rights and opportunities† (â€Å"feminism†). Modern feminism is no longer about equality and is in fact counterproductive to the cause. The fight for equal rights has been transformed into a fight for privilege, waged against causes insignificant in the big picture of gender equality; causes like manspreading, cat calls, air conditioning, and representation in video games. We are waging a war in a new and changed society, using an old definition of what the movement is meant to be. Modern-day feminism is now obsolete in the Western World because the fight for equal rights between genders has been won. First-wave feminism is a brand of feminism that refers to the early 19th and 20th centuries, characterized by the fight that was primarily waged in favor of woman’s suffrage and legal issues. Second-wave was increasingly radical, and is the basis upon which modern-day feminist ideology is based (Eichler). This movement spanned from the 1960s to the 80s, with dominant issues being sexuality and reproductive rights. By the year 1989 in Canada, the United Nations has enacted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, equal pay and fair employment legislation has been passed across every province in the country and the Supreme Court has decided that sexual harassment is a form of sexual discrimination (â€Å"Women’s Rights†). Legally, woman have all the rights that men have. Using thisShow MoreRelatedThe Roots Of Feminism : The Fight For Equality1304 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism at its roots was a challenge to patriarchal standards and the exclusion of women from t he workplace. Women since the early 1850s have been fighting for equality whether it be for respect or representation in politics, women wanted the same rights as men. The core of feminism although similar in all aspects there are fluxes in the motive behind the motive during the next century and decades. The women’s movement was originally meant for working class white women who wanted to be equal toRead MoreAchievements Of 1st And 2nd Wave Feminism Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesof 1st and 2nd Wave Feminism America has seen numerous movements that have come and gone, and all of them had an agenda for which they stood for. Even in modern times, many rights and activists groups are often pushing for amendments and reforms for certain issues for which they feel upset about. These movements have been particularly important over the course of years in the manner of America’s social, economic and political affairs have developed. The three waves of feminism are some of the wellRead MoreFeminism And Its Impact On Women1223 Words   |  5 Pages Feminism by definition is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. So feminism has a dictionary definition, but when it comes to feminists and feminism there are so many different personal definitions that people and groups hold. Feminism has been around for quite a while. There is evidence of women fighting for their equality for the past twenty-four centuries. If you’re looking for an actual date you might be out of luck. What can be said from The Oxford EnglishRead MoreFeminism is simply a sociological theory, which states that men and women are equal. Feminism is900 Words   |  4 PagesFeminism is simply a sociological theory, which states that men and women are equal. Feminism is mainly concerned with giving rights to women by highlighting the numerous ways in which women have rendered to society. Feminist theorists believe in the social, political, and economic equality of genders and believe that each has his own rights as well as duties. They strive to give the oppressed women their full rights that are being taken every day. History of Feminism Feminism first started inRead MoreTrue Feminism : Equality For All1497 Words   |  6 PagesTrue Feminism: Equality for All Throughout history, feminism has proven to be a powerful movement with a simple goal in mind: equal rights for women. Since the earliest forms of feminism in the eighteenth century, women have overcome seemingly insurmountable odds and made leaps and bounds in the direction of that goal. Today, women are in a better position than they ever have been in American history, or the history of the world, but the goal has still not yet been met. Freedom fighters advocatingRead MoreThe Fight For Women s Rights1711 Words   |  7 PagesBurke 1 The word feminism essentially represents the cumulative number of ideologies and movements that advocate the equal rights of women on all grounds. While the concept has been present for centuries, its magnitude in the United States has only become largely recognized throughout the 20th century. In particular, feminism has had its most lasting effects through two large waves in the early 1900’s, whilst fighting for women’s suffrage, and the 1960’s to 1970’s, which focused on women in the workplaceRead MoreFeminism : An Definition Of Feminism1281 Words   |  6 PagesWhen one hears the term â€Å"Feminism†, she/he may have the idea that it is the urge and desire to gain rights for women. While that is true, it does not describe feminism in its entirety. Many people misinterpret what this term means based on media and people who do not know better. Many people who may misinterpret feminism may describe it as a movement to make women superior to men. They may say that those who claim to be a feminist are ones who hate men and strive to assert themselves aboveRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Atlantic Revolutions1050 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the Atlantic Revolutions, such as independence, political changes, and freedoms for all, are confirmed by society’s constant attempt to attain such values. Those ideals set the foundation of modern society and maintain to be an essential characteristic of society’s evolvement. Prominently, the fight for independence shaped the Atlantic Revolutions. This desire for independence stemmed from the concepts of democracy, nationalism, and popular sovereignty. The ideas behind the struggle for independenceRead MoreGender Equality And Modern Feminism1142 Words   |  5 PagesGender Equality and Modern Feminism in the United States Russel Staples Period 2 It’s clear that a growing movement is happening in America. Protests, speeches, and news articles all show that women are coming together to fight for equality. They point to certain statistics, claiming women are downtrodden in American society. These women are known as feminists, or women’s-rights activists. Feminists are fighting for the rights of women in society through journalism, marches, and media. But can anyRead MoreWomen s Rights And The Feminism Movement Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pageslower than men, which started the creation of women’s rights and the feminism movement. Alice Paul was a feminist and was an instrumental figure in creating equality to men when it came to voting. Since then feminism was grown to include more than just equality when voting. Feminism is the promotion of women’s rights based on social, political, and economic equality to men. Jane Addams gave a speech and published a book about it called A Modern Lear, which addre ssed the Pullman strike and other labor

Business Capstone Project and Organisation Performance

Question: Discuss about the Business Capstone Project and Organisation Performance. Answer: Introduction In order to get suitable job at the appropriate time in the hospitality industry, the deserved candidates tend to depend upon the recruitment agencies. This tendency is growing increasing mainly among the young people. In this way, it has become a prominent business with which the agencies try to satisfy the needs of the clients along with helping the hospitality organizations to find the most deserved candidates. This present research aims to identify the proper reason for which people increasing rely upon the ability of the recruiting agencies in hospitality industry. This proposal includes the research questions, method, literature review, findings, analysis and discussion with which the dissertation on the role of recruitment agencies can be developed in near future. The research issue The hospitality industry is a large industry where it requires new candidates on daily basis. The hospitality organizations face difficulty in recruiting the deserved candidates which can affect their business procedure as this industry is directly related with the client satisfaction level (AlBattat and Som 2013). The recruitment agencies help the hospitality industries insofar as the bulk recruitment is concerned. They shortlist the deserved candidates through layered interview procedures after which they recommend the candidates to the respective organizations (Hamade 2013). However, these organizations are also facing obstacles because there are a growing number of agencies which aims to recruit the fresh or experienced candidates to different hospitality organisations. The status of the hospitality organizations tends to determine the reliability of the recruiting agencies. Therefore, these agencies are supposed to improve their communication processes with the clients with the help of mails and phone calls so that they can better evaluate their skills and can hire them for attending the interview. For the over dependence upon these recruiting agencies, the business organizations face difficulty to recruit the candidates directly. The research question What is the effectiveness of the recruitment agencies to provide jobs in hospitality management to the most deserved candidates? What is the advertisement strategy with which the recruitment agencies try to satisfy the expectations of the candidates? Controversies in the literature According to Hamade (2013), the recruitment agencies successfully help the deserved and potential candidates to get their desired jobs in the hospitality management more easily with the help of their special screening team. While Konrad (2013), opines that these agencies fools the candidates by extracting huge money from the candidates as their fees, where they can get these job opportunities with their inbuilt skills. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of Ergn and Gavcar (2013), these agencies help the hospitality organization to identify suitable candidates in less time and cost effective manner that seems to be beneficial for them as they require a huge number of work force to successfully meet the demands of their consumers. However, Ladkin and Buhalis (2016) opposed that, these organizations increase the expenses of the job seeking candidates where sometimes the costs have crossed the salary amount of the proposed job role. As per the comment of Abomeh (2013), by relying upon the recruiting agencies, the hospitality organizations can ensure the recruitment of deserved and trained employees which help them to improve their work quality with which they aim to increase the satisfaction level of their consumers. While Huda, Haque and Khan (2014) opposed that, recruitment through these agencies proves to be harmful for the job seeking candidates because they do not give them sufficient idea about the work culture and negative aspects of the organizations where they are supposed to be recruited which often become the reason behind the resignation of them. Research method For collecting the relevant data from the consumers, online survey process will be adapted because in this way, the reply of the respondents can be recorded appropriately without any change in a cost and time effective way. In this way, the data can be stored for a long time (Gill and Johnson 2010). Moreover, by adapting the online survey procedure, this study can include the authentic response of the participants because in this way, they can openly share their demands and expectations for the employees of the hospitality organizations. Both the primary and secondary data will be collected for improving the quality o this study. The primary data will be collected from the recruitment agencies from where detailed and explanatory data can be included to the present study. Literature review Defining creativity in a business context From the viewpoint of Ladkin and Buhalis (2016), the hospitality industry is supposed to change its service procedure rapidly with the changing circumstances. The globalization causes universalisation of the demands and expectations of the consumers with which the hospitality organizations are also supposed to change their service quality and consumer offering procedure (Schoffstall 2013). Therefore, in order to adjust in the competitive business market, they need to indulge in continuous innovation procedures so that they can successfully serve the needs and demands of the consumers (Zinyemba 2013). In order to maintain the sales as well as profit rate, these hospitality organizations need to surprise their consumers with their innovative service procedure (Faldetta, Fasone and Provenzano 2013). The employees of such organizations also need to have the ability to adjust in these continuous changing procedures so that their service can match up the satisfaction level of their consume rs. The behavioural aspects of the employees, therefore, seem to be an important aspect for the financial development. With the help of proper and appropriate behaviour of their employees, the hospitality organizations aim to indulge in constant financial development by attracting more consumers toward their extra-ordinary services (Iyfnet.org 2015). Therefore, this innovation causes the recruitment agencies to make the recruitment proper and suitable so that they can provide deserved candidates to the hospitality organizations (Ali 2013). In this recruitment process also, these agencies need to employ innovative procedure so that they can select the most deserved candidates along the applicants by evaluating their ability (Gutierrez et al. 2015). In this way, they can also provide assurance to the hospitality organizations that they are having the most suitable candidate for their proposed posts. If these agencies can acquire the trust level of the organizations in hospitality industry, their business can subsequently face a huge hike because for this sector huge number of candidates are required constantly (Chitsaz-Isfahani and Boustani 2014). With the help of creative and prompt approaching ways, these agencies can approach to a huge number of deserved candidates so that they can provide the young eligible candidate sufficient job opportunities in the hospitality industry (Peters 2016). In this way, with the help of proper creative measure, the recruitment agencies can make sure the employment of deserved candidates to different hospitality organizations along with determining their profit level from both the candidates and the hospitality organizations. However, these recruitment agencies also face difficulty in maintaining the creativity in their selection processes. The high critical recruitment procedure, these recruitment agencies cannot be able to maintain the huge demand of the hospitality organizations where huge number of employees are needed in a daily basis. Moreover, as these agencies aim to evaluate the basic excellence of the applicants, they fail to successfully identify the ability of those employees after their employment at the proposed hospitality organizations where they are supposed to work under huge pressure and also need to employ their creativity and innovation so that they can meet the constantly changing demands of the consumers (Nestoroska and Petrovska 2014). For this reason, the hospitality organizations faces difficulty in maintaining sustainability of their work force who fail to take the huge pressure of the rapid changing working environment and client demands (Boone et al. 2013). Moreover, the candi dates, who are supposed to be recruited through any recruitment agency, seem to be surprised with their job profile and work environment after their joining the proposed organization. This indicates to the inadequate recruitment process of these agencies by not providing sufficient knowledge about the hospitality organizations where they are supposed to be recruited. Methodology, graph of survey report The survey is expected to be completed within 15 days so that the analysis method of those data can be done with adequate time. The target population will be mainly the young generation of age group 20-25 who mostly take the help of the recruitment agencies to get their desired jobs in the hospitality industry. The sample size will be of 66 and the target demographic region will be the two major cities of Australia namely Sydney and Melbourne where a number of young respondents will be available (Gill and Johnson 2010). The probability sampling method will be used for this study (Olsen 2011). The survey will be conducted through online medium. Close ended, same survey questionnaire will be used for each respondent so that the response of different respondents for the same questionnaire can be gathered. 1. How far do you agree that the career expectations of the candidates in hospitality industry fulfil through recruitment agencies? Activity Number of respondents Percentage of respondents Total respondents Strongly agree 25 38 66 Agree 10 15 66 Neutral 16 24 66 Disagree 6 9 66 Strongly disagree 9 14 66 Table 1: Fulfilment level of career expectations of the candidates in hospitality industry through recruitment agencies Image 1: Fulfilment level of career expectations of the candidates in hospitality industry through recruitment agencies 2. How far do you believe that the jobseekers along with the recruiters of hospitality organization lay trust on recruitment agencies? Activity Number of respondents Percentage of respondents Total respondents Strongly believe 19 29 66 Believe 16 24 66 Neutral 4 6 66 Disbelieve 17 26 66 Strongly disbelieve 10 15 66 Table 2: The trust level of jobseekers along with the recruiters of hospitality organization on recruitment agencies Image 2: The trust level of jobseekers along with the recruiters of hospitality organization on recruitment agencies Findings Analysis of the vignette In this section the analysis of the collected data from the respondents will be analysed elaborately so that the desired result can be extracted. For the first question, 38% respondents strongly agree and 15% respondents agree with the fact that the career expectations of the job seeking candidates get fulfilled with the help of these recruitment agencies. On the other hand, 24% respondents remain silent on this topic. 9% respondents disagree and 14% respondents strongly disagree with this topic. From this analysis, it will be revealed that most of the respondents, around 53%, agree with the fact that these recruitment agencies help the candidates to fulfil their career expectations by identifying the scopes of their desired job opportunities in the hospitality industry. On the other hand, in order to increase the number of the supporters, the recruitment agencies will need to improve their communication and recruiting strategies so that they can approach to a huge number of deserved candidates For the second question, 29% respondents strongly believe and 24% respondents believe with the fact that the jobseekers along with the recruiters of the hospitality industry do keep their trust upon the recruitment agencies. On the contrary, 6% respondent remains reluctant on this very topic, while 26% respondents disbelieve and 15% respondents strongly disbelieve with this fact. This observation indicates to the response of majority of people for the support of this fact which also suggests to the success rate of these recruitment agencies in influencing the career and trust level of the job seekers as well as the recruiters. However, a handsome number of respondents also deny the reliably of these recruitment agencies. In order to increase it among other respondents as well, these agencies need to employ effective communication skills along with proper information about the proposed organizations so that the recruitment method can be truthful enough. Discussions and suggestions Suggestions Employment of proper and effective advertising medium The recruitment agencies need to choose proper advertisement mediums like personal mail, phone calls, social media, different website etc so that they can approach to the right candidates who can better deserve the employment opportunities in the hospitality industry. These agencies can make their advertisements more attractive by placing the names of famous hospitality organizations in their job advertisement so that the interested candidates who want to build their career in hospitality organizations. Moreover, by providing appropriate and sufficient information about the desired candidates, these agencies can easily shortlist the candidates for their hospitality organizations. Improving the communication medium In order to increase reliability among the job seekers and the employers of hospitality organizations, these recruitment agencies need to improve their communication level with the candidates so that they can approach a huge number of deserve candidates and provide them the opportunity to join the rapid growing hospitality industry. By applying prompt and innovative communication process, these agencies can effectively communicate with their so that the selection can be started at the proper time when the hospitality organizations need fresh candidates for different positions. Moreover, by providing deserved and suitable candidates, these agencies can increase the reliability of the hospitality recruiters on them. Offering reasonable opportunities to the candidates These agencies need to offer the candidates reasonable salary amount with other profitable information so that the candidates can rely their trust upon their given offers. In order to make their offers authentic, they can also insert the links of the hospitality organizations for which they aim to recruit deserved candidates. These agencies must offer the applicants such offers which they will definitely get at the proposed organizations which will help to increase the reputation along with the authentic approach of these agencies insoas employment is concerned. Ethical regulations This study keeps the identity of the respondents secret so that they can express their demands and expectations from the hospitality organizations without any hesitation. Moreover, the information, collected from the recruitment agencies will not be disclosed and will strictly de used only for the sake of this current study. These data will be protected under the Data Protection Act 1998. Limitations of this study This study will not include a huge number of respondents which can be regarded as a negative point because for this reason it will fail to include a diverse level of opinion, idea, and expectation. On the other hand, this study will regard a small demographic area which indicates to a limited number of respondents. This study will not include sufficient theory that can decrease its quality level. Future scope This study will have various scope of future improvement as it can increase its target area which can include a large number of respondents in the survey questionnaire. On the other hand, by including more relevant theories on the topic, this study will have the opportunity to improve its quality. In addition, by providing adequate basic information, this study can help the junior researchers who will want to proceed with this same topic. Reference Abomeh, O.S., 2013. Assessment of Recruitment Practice on Organisation Performance: Empirical Study of Hospitality Businesses in Abuja.European Scientific Journal,9(29) AlBattat, A.R.S. and Som, A.P.M., 2013. Employee dissatisfaction and turnover crises in the Malaysian hospitality industry.International Journal of Business and Management,8(5), pp.62-71 Ali, A., 2013. Significance of human resource management in organizations: linking global practices with local perspective Boone, J., Veller, T., Nikolaeva, K., Keith, M., Kefgen, K. and Houran, J., 2013. Rethinking a glass ceiling in the hospitality industry.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(3), pp.230-239 Chitsaz-Isfahani, A. and Boustani, H.R., 2014. Effects of talent management on employees retention: The mediate effect of organizational trust.International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences,3(5), p.114 ERGN, E. and GAVCAR, E., 2013. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS OF HUMAN RESOURCES: A SAMPLE OF TRAVEL AGENCIES OPERATING IN FETH?YE Faldetta, G., Fasone, V. and Provenzano, C., 2013. PAS S.PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural,11(4), pp.583-595 Gill, J. and Johnson, P. 2010 Research Methods for Managers. SAGE, London Gutierrez, I., Alcaraz, J.M., Susaeta, L., Surez, E. and Pin, J.R., 2015. Managing Sustainability for Competitive Advantage: Evidence From the Hospitality Industry Hamade, S, 2013, Perception and use of social networking sites among university students, Library Review, Vol. 63, No. 7, pp. 388-397 Huda, K., Haque, A. and Khan, R., 2014. Effective Recruitment Challenges Faced by the Hospitality Industry in Bangladesh: A Study on Selected Star Rated Residential Hotels.Economia. Seria Management,17(2), pp.210-222 Hursh, N, (2013), Acustom business plan, Saskbusiness, vol. 31, no 8, p.p 32 Iyfnet.org, (2015), Creating Opportunities for Youth in Hospitality, Available from: https://www.iyfnet.org/sites/default/files/Creating-Opportunities-for-Youth-in-Hospitality.pdf [Accessed on 14 Feb, 2017] Konrad, E, 2013, Cultural Entrepreneurship: The Impact of Social Networking on Success, Creativity and innovation management, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 307-319 Ladkin, A., and Buhalis, D. 2016. Online and social media recruitment: hospitality employer and prospective employee considerations.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(2), 327-345 Nestoroska, I. and Petrovska, I., 2014, January. Staff training in hospitality sector as benefit for improved service quality. InFaculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija. Biennial International Congress. Tourism Hospitality Industry(p. 437). University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism Hospitality Management Olsen, W. 2011. Data Collection: Key Debates and Methods in social Research. SAGE Peters, R.W., 2016. Participation Denied: The Professional Boundaries of Monitoring and Evaluation in International Development.Human Organization,75(4), pp.315-325. Schoffstall, D.G., 2013. The benefits and challenges hospitality management students experience by working in conjunction with completing their studies Zinyemba, A.Z., 2013. The Challenges of Recruitment and Selection of Employees in Zimbabwean Companies.International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)(0nline), pp.2310-7064

Challenges in Cyber Security For Business

Question: Discuss about the Challenges in Cyber Security For Business. Answer: Literature Review Scope and Objective The information and communication industry has evolved greatly over the last three decades. Technology has taken control of a significant part of everyday activities, especially in business. At present, all businesses have integrated their operations with the use of information technology. Case in point, when it comes to communication, delivery of services and also manufacturing, information technology takes control in such operations. However, the positive contribution brought forth by the use of technology has invited a myriad, problems with the major one being cyber-attacks (Antonucci, 2017). Most businesses have reiterated that their number one enemy on their network are the sinister individuals who try to intrude their system for altering, exposing or deleting momentous information that has a great value to a company. This means that issues that relate to cyber security will increase as technology advances. The act of business protecting their information communication technolog y systems is referred to as cyber security (Singer and Friedman, 2014). Cyber security can be an arguably ambiguous term that may mean privacy and surveillance. However, it should be understood that cyber security is precise and that it is a significant tool for business people to protect their privacy and deter unauthorized surveillance into their systems. The management of risks of the information system is depended on three important factors that include the threat. The threat is who is attacking the system. This is the individual or group of individuals that have ill motives towards a company. They can be disgruntled former employees or any individual. Another factor is vulnerabilities. The weakest points in the system of a company are one of the entry points for the individuals who are seeking to infiltrate into a system (Graham, Howard and Olson, 2011). The third factor is the impact of the cyber-attack. There is an array of expected impact after an occurrence of a cyber-attack such as loss of information and altering of information (Bayuk, 2012). With the above knowledge, managing cyber security in business organizations comes with many challenges that are not limited to data loss, breach indicators, application control among others. This paper focuses and analyzes the available literatures regarding challenges of cyber security in businesses. Comparative Analysis of the Different Literatures. Reasons why cyber security is a challenge in business With the advent of the problem related to cyber networks in business, most businesses have ensured that they have strengthened their cyber security capabilities in the last five years. According to Rajagopal and Behl, (2016) there have been a lot of processes which are used to implement and prioritize information technology security risks and also the development of mitigation strategies to ensure that such mishaps do not happen. This means that a lot of companies have dedicated a significant amount of finances to ensure that their information is protected. Santanam, Sethumadhavan and Virendra, (2011) affirms that desktops environment have been made wide open different from what they were before the proliferation of cyber-attacks. Alexander (2012) believes that as at now, the computers used in organizations have been disabled from their use of USB ports, and also their webmail services have also been disabled. The way business use technology is the reason why protecting the cyber-att acks is becoming more difficult. At present, a lot of business value has migrated online where digital data has have become more prevalent. For instance, most businesses have ensured that customers can ask for services online also pay through the same media. For this reason, cyber criminals are finding more reason why they should continue with their heinous act. The more the businesses are insisting on the issue to do with online transactions, is another reason that an incentive is created to cyber criminals to tap into systems of businesses. It is an open secret that companies are experiencing more cyber-attacks per hour but unable to speak loudly about the matter as it would scare away their customers (Glasgow, 2003). Another reason why protecting a business from cyber-attacks is the way customers are expecting the business to be more widely accessible. Customers expect that with the advancement in technology, the business is supposed to make their purchases simpler through the use of mobile application services and the use of portables which prevent the customers from traveling large geographical distance so as to get a service. Case in point, customers expect that they ought to use mobile phones with applications related to the business they seek services from since they use mobile phones in their daily personal lives Forsyth and Kalman, (2013). The customers fail to realize that the increasing use of web-based services increases the insecurity regardless of the simplicity of the services that the internet provides. Hackers use and target devices that are unprotected such as tablet and mobile devices which are used to access to a business network hence gaining access. The supply chain in business is interconnected greatly to allow customers and suppliers to have streamlined flow of goods and services. Companies are encouraging vendors and Logistics Companies to join their networks for the purpose of increasing their sales. According to Shoemaker and Sigler, (2015) his engagement of interconnected supply chain is putting organization network and system at risk of cyber-attacks. Cyber criminals can pause as one of the individuals in the supply chain thus giving them an opportunity to investigate and find a vulnerability in a system. Tighter integration of business partners is a good course that can increase a performance of business. However, there must be policies and other security measures in place to ensure that the communication network is protected from cyber criminals Bisogni, Cavallini, and Trocchio, (2011). Some companies have reiterated that on-site contractors of the software that is used in sharing information can have access to confiden tial documents. For this reason, most companies especially the large ones, are against their employees sharing information using web-based services. The cybercriminals have become more sophisticated as more business has discovered ways to protect their systems from attack. As at now, more cybercriminals act as service providers. They approach businesses as people who are capable of protecting their networks. When they are given an opportunity, they have all the access they need from organizations. This makes it hard for an organization to protect themselves from cyber-attacks since they are not aware of what triggered the attack. Consequently, they are not aware of the vulnerability of their network that acted as a conduit of the attack. Human Beings as Cyber Securitys Weakest Link Cyber criminals are more than willing to obtain momentous information from organizations. Case in point, cyber criminals have infiltrated banks by having one of their own within the financial institutions. When cyber criminals have an essentially authorize access to a system they are in a better position to be able to siphon all kinds information they need for their unknown reasons. In many cases, long-term employees also pause risks to an organization system. A lot of times the management of a business usually think that the intrusion of a system is accused by an outside. They fail to realize the same people who work in their organizations may be the risks. This is a clear indication that human beings are the weakest link when it comes to cyber-attacks (Wittkop, 2016). Vendors are other potentials when it comes to the cyber security of a business. This is because vendors are given unlimited access to very important data that concern organizations. For instance, a vendor that is concerned with the establishment of a database will be trusted with enormous data and files of an organization so that they can feed into their database. If such a vendor poses as a cyber-criminal the access to important information of an organization would not be a problem. Also, it will be impossible for an organization to discern whether the information is stolen from the system. Human beings in their way are different regarding having their agendas and influences. Human beings trust other human beings especially when it comes to business. It will be a bad show that a management of a company does not trust the employees that are working for that company. When there is trust, it is easy for individuals in an organization to be motivated and achieve optimal performance. However, the issue of trust has been overrated in business. This is because there is no amount of firewalls and security topologies that can withstand an authorized user. This implies that an authorized ill-motivated user is the most dangerous component to the security of a system Borum, Felker, Kern, Dennesen and Feyes (2015). To mitigate the problem of having employees being the greatest weakness in a cyber-security, measurement is significant. This means that business should formulate ways that track employee behavior both online and the normal individual behaviors which can indicate cyber-crime in progress. For instance, those employees who work after the working hours, those who access customers data, and those who register low-performance rates are the ones to look closely at, such behaviors are not normal for any employee in any organization. Cyber security is not necessarily on the technological aspect but also humans play a large role if not the biggest in the realization of cyber-attacks. Through training employees, everyone will have a clue of cyber threats and can act as a watchdog to an organization. Gaps Identified and Conclusions Many of the literature regarding cyber security in business fail to talk about the issue of cyber kill chain which is used by intruders as their model in heinous operations. The cyber kill chain seven phases that start from Reconnaissance where the intruders check weak system to infiltrate, Weaponization stage is where an entry point to a system is identified, and the third stage is Delivery where the malware is put into the system. Exploitation, Installation, Command Control and the action proceed in the remaining stages. Most authors have failed to explain the type of policies that should be important in ensuring that cyber security is realized. However, the details of cyber security will vary from one department to another in an organization. This means that each head of a department will have a different understanding of cyber security where a leader will pass on to those that one manages (Weiss, 2007). The policies and terms in an organization regarding cyber security should carry a lot regarding information, the members of an organization should be braced with how to detect a cyber-threat and ways to control a cyber-attack to gain access to a system Herath, and Rao, (2009). Businesses should ensure that workshops and training regarding cyber security are conducted on a regular basis. This will ensure that the challenges of cyber security are given an upper hand regarding issues that deal with a business thus become relevant among the employees. It should be noted that each person in an organizati on is a better position to ensure that the network security of a business is tight. This is because they interact closely among themselves and they are in a position to note that one of their own who is behaving in a very peculiar way. Expanding the knowledge of the members of an organization assists in ensuring that there is a unified effort in fighting cyber-attacks. Rittinghouse and Hancock, (2003) believes that when an employees acquire skills that help them in programming and prevention a cyber-attack in progress, then it means that even a cyber-criminal who pauses as an employee in such a company will have a difficult time in executing cyber-attack activities. A well-informed team of employees can ensure that they identify unusual activities in a system and they can inform the information technology department of the malicious activities. The information technology will then be able to protect all the systems in an organization at a very first rate this giving no chance to a cyber-criminal. Businesses should understand that cyber-attacks are inevitable hence resilience is a virtue that they need to uphold. Tremendous technology has proven that business can on a verge of realizing their economic potential. However, the same technology acts as a threat that can be able to bring any business to its knees. Dimase, Collier, Heffner and Linkov (2015) believes that for an organization to achieve resilience the most significant question that they need to ask themselves is the kind information they have to lose and the specific data that are momentous in carrying out their operations. When these questions are understood, businesses will be in a better position to develop a cyber-security posture which will be able to protect the most important data that once they are in unauthorized hands, will be detrimental to a business. It should be noted that cyber-criminals look for critical data in a system of organization in which to gain access to. This will enable them to black mail a business by threatening to realize such information to the public. This means that core data in business should the most protected. In conclusion, as more values have migrated online, business are coerced to have innovative ways in which they can conduct their businesses and also interact with their customers and other partners such as suppliers. For this reason, cyber-security challenges will continue to increase. Also with advancement and the increase in sophistication of information technology, cyber-criminals are finding new ways in which they are able able to infiltrate networks of organizations. This means that organizations should formulate solutions that cut across strategies, operations and technological functions to be in tandem with the changing technology. To manage the challenges that are brought forth by cyber-security, the management of organizations should make cyber-security an important initiative in an organization. Consequently, human beings have been identified as the prolific contributor to the cyber-attacks. Cyber criminals currently pose as employees who work in organizations thus having a uthorized access to critical information of the business. The recruitment of employees should be an extremely serious process. Also, it is imperative that a behavior of an employee should be checked on a regular basis so as to keep track of any unusual activity which might be a threat to the system of a company. As long as the technology keeps advancing cyber-security will still be prone to many challenges. References Alexander, D. 2012, "Cyber Threats in the 21st Century", Security, vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 74. Antonucci, D. (2017).The Cyber Risk Handbook: Creating and Measuring Effective Cybersecurity Capabilities. 1st ed. John Wiley Sons, p.113. Bayuk, J. (2012).Cyber security policy guidebook. 1st ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, p.29. Bisogni, F., Cavallini, S. di Trocchio, S. 2011, "Cybersecurity at European Level: The Role of Information Availability",Communications Strategies,, no. 81, pp. 107 Borum, R., Felker, J., Kern, S., Dennesen, K. Feyes, T. 2015, "Strategic cyber intelligence",Information and Computer Security,vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 320. Boss, S.R., Kirsch, L.J., Angermeier, I., Shingler, R.A. Boss, R.W. 2009, "If someone is watching, I'll do what I'm asked: mandatoriness, control, and information security",European Journal of Information Systems,vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 152. Dimase, D., Collier, Z.A., Heffner, K. Linkov, I. 2015, "Systems engineering framework for cyber physical security and resilience", Environment Systems Decisions, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 295. Forsyth, C. Kalman, L. 2013, "A RISING TIDE", Legal Week, vol. 15, no. 14, pp. 14. Glasgow, B. (2003). Information technology insights: CIDX moves with cyber security. Chemical Market Reporter, vol. 263, no. 2, 33. Graham, J., Howard, R. and Olson, R. (2011).Cyber security essentials. 1st ed. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach Publications, p.51. Herath, T. Rao, H.R. 2009, "Protection motivation and deterrence: a framework for security policy compliance in organisations",European Journal of Information Systems,vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 107. Rajagopal, and Behl, R. (2016).Business analytics and cyber security management in organizations. 1st ed. IGI Global, p.50. Rittinghouse, J. and Hancock, B. (2003).Cybersecurity operations handbook. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Digital Press,p.498. Santanam, R., Sethumadhavan, M. and Virendra, M. (2011).Cyber security, cyber crime and cyber forensics. 1st ed. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, p.33. Shoemaker, D. and Sigler, K. (2015).Cybersecurity. 1st ed. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning, p.33. Singer, P. and Friedman, A. (2014).Cybersecurity. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press, p.35. Wittkop, J. (2016).Building a Comprehensive IT Security Program. 1st ed. Berkeley, CA: Apress, p.89. Weiss, J. 2007, "Cyber Security in the Control Room", Power Engineering, vol. 111, no. 9, pp. 38-38,40,42,44.